Watershed Ecology

Front 1

Aquatic habitats


Back 1

Lentic=lake,pond,marsh,fen &bog. Stll waters. Lotic=streams,rivers,brooks,creeks &springs. Flowing waters
Terrestrial=riparian zones.

Front 2

Habitat zones

Back 2

Littoral=rooted plants around pond or lake (not river/stream).Profundal= zone past littoral in lakes. Planktonic=top area where fish can live in open water, bottom area is pelagic. Benthic= bottom of aquatic zones.

Front 3

Umbrella species

Back 3

Protecting one species consequently protects numerous other species

Front 4

Riparian zone

Back 4

area affected by water in rivers lakes and streams, influences plant type. Important b/c provides food,shelter,water and a cooler microclimate.

Front 5

Ecotones

Back 5

one ecosystem meets another and there's overlap= high diversity

Front 6

Compensatory reproduction

Back 6

one species population declines, the physiology of the animal changes to produce more offspring than average.(i.e. coyotes)

Front 7

Biological control

Back 7

finding a natural enemy for an invasive species, the enemy must be able to survive in conditions.

Front 8

Smoltification

Back 8

changes in physiology of fish to adapt to salt water conditions

Front 9

endocrine disruptors

Back 9

interrupt smoltification process, come from sewage disposal into freshwater and/or saltwater

Front 10

spatial dispersial

Back 10

relates to the space between habitats, usually connected by corridors.

Front 11

endemic

Back 11

Local scale, the species with an endemic issue are only found in that one area

Front 12

Necton

Back 12

organism that moves independent of currents such as fish and invertebrates

Front 13

Seston

Back 13

particulate matter in water, living and non, organic and non

Front 14

bioseston vs. abioseston

Back 14

living particulate matter in water vs. non-living particulate matter

Front 15

Photosynthesis

Back 15

coverts solar energy to chemical energy of ATP & NADPH in plants and algae.

Front 16

Primary productivity (PP)

Back 16

production of organic compounds from atmospheric and aquatic carbon (photosynthesis). The PP of a community is the amount of biomass produced.

Front 17

Autochthonous production

Back 17

nutrient source produced inside stream (organism and plant matter)

Front 18

Allochthonous production

Back 18

nutrient source acquired from outside stream, detritus/leaf litter(seasonal sunlight dependant)

Front 19

biofilm

Back 19

community of microbial organisms interacting together as a mass

Front 20

attached periphyton

Back 20

algea that when die leaves glass shells that make good food source= filamentous green(spirogyra= on rocks) and non (pediastrum), diatoms,blue-green (microcytis=floating)

Front 21

Community control

Back 21

Top down= top of food chain controls bottom food chain. Bottom up= bottom of food chain controls top of food chain. top-down control by predation and herbivory or bottom-up control by nutrients and recruitment.

Front 22

herbivory

Back 22

consumption of living plants or their parts by animals

Front 23

Convergent evolution

Back 23

One organisms evolves to produce a trait of a non-related organism because it benefits them (i.e. caddisfly case built like snail shell for stability)

Front 24

Food web

Back 24

represents interactions between top and bottom of food chain

Front 25

trophic casscades

Back 25

represents what trophic level consumes another trophic level and so forth

Front 26

Grazers/scrapers

Back 26

file off algae to eat

Front 27

Shredders

Back 27

shred leaf litter and eat

Front 28

Collector

Back 28

brush like adaptations collect fine particles in water(some of which has been passed through guts of others)

Front 29

Predator

Back 29

eat other organisms

Front 30

Biogeochem analysis

Back 30

uses stable isotopes to determine food sources (Carbon) and trophic level (Nitrogen)

Front 31

Paleolimnology

Back 31

uses isotopic dating of past levels in C,Pb,Cs to quantify & classify organisms that once lived & limnological conditions of the past in water systems(using core-logging samples)

Front 32

carbon dating

Back 32

used to date carbon in sediments and create profiles of nutrient accumulation in soils

Front 33

The boundary layer in the water column

Back 33

due to affects of adhesion/cohesion=surface tension, is the layer air-water interface with low/no friction that traps oxygen and allows musquito larvae to survive.

Front 34

eutrophic

Back 34

no oxygen at deep for some part of the year

Front 35

Epineuston

Back 35

organisms living on top of water (i.e. wirleygigs)

Front 36

Hyponeuston

Back 36

organisms living below top layer making use of boundary layer (i.e. black fly larvae/snorkeler)

Front 37

Respiratory adaptation

Back 37

Gills, flapping (undulating) movements, increased surface area (flat bodies)

Front 38

Mobility adaptations

Back 38

Hooks & suckers,silk nets/ropes (non permanent i.e. dragonflies) & glues, roots (permanent i.e. caddisfly)

Front 39

Behavioural adaptations

Back 39

Hiding= avoiding prey, getting rest in slow current. Drift=when organisms let go of their habitat and float downstream to a better one, as an behavioural response to environmental disturbances (i.e. pollution). Catastrophic drift during floods.

Front 40

Morphological adaptations

Back 40

streamlined bodies,flat bodies, heavy casing

Front 41

CPOM

Back 41

Coarse particulate matter

Front 42

FPOM

Back 42

Fine particulate matter

Front 43

Microdistribution

Back 43

patchy distribution, require different habitats,fast flow, slow flow, rocks & mud

Front 44

Macrodistribution

Back 44

change in community based on stream order, different types of POM in each region

Front 45

Headwaters

Back 45

Orders 1-3, narrow stream, shaded, dominated by allochthonous CPOM

Front 46

Middle

Back 46

orders 4-7, wider stream, better lit for algeal growth, clear, food is FPOM and some CPOM

Front 47

Lower

Back 47

>8, wide and slow stream, turbid=blocked light (fine see. and dissolved matter), little shade

Front 48

Community

Back 48

association of plants and animals occurring in the same habitat interacting by trophic and production relationships

Front 49

Diversity

Back 49

is a community measurement for species richness ( how many of one species), equitability (how evenly spaced they are). good diversity depends on types of species.

Front 50

Energy flow/production

Back 50

production from top of food chain feeds bottom, bottom becomes energy for top's production.

Front 51

Stability

Back 51

persistance of a community

Front 52

disturbance

Back 52

reduces and/or removes biota, cause colonization

Front 53

intermediate disturbances

Back 53

maintains high diversity

Front 54

colonization

Back 54

the buildup of a community, 1st=opportunist (disperse well/compete poor), 2nd= competitors (disperse poor/compete well)

Front 55

Functional feeding groups

Back 55

classified by how they eat ( grazers/scrapers/collectors/predators)

Front 56

Acadian forest trees? (not on exam??)

Back 56

White spruce/pine/elm, Black spruce, balsam fir, eastern hemlock, red spruce/pine/oak, american beech, yellow birch, sugar maple