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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Vitamin B1
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Thiamin
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What is the importance of Thiamin?
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Essential for carbohydrate metabolism to produce energy and needed for normal heart and nerve function
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Thiamin deficiency
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Beriberi
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What are the two types of Beriberi
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Wet Beriberi - affects cardiovascular system
Dry Beriberi - affects nervous system and muscle |
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In what patient population do we tend to see thiamine deficiency
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In alcoholics
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Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
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Brain disorder seen in alcoholics who are thiamine deficient
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Vitamin B2
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Riboflavin
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What is the importance of Riboflavin?
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Riboflavin is essential for the metabolism of carbs for energy and amino acids. Important part of FAD. It also keeps mucous membranes healthy
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Ariboflavinosis
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Riboflavin (Vit B2) deficiency
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symptoms of riboflavin deficiency
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cheilosis (cracked lips and corners of mouth), seborrheic dermatitis (oily scaly skin particularly around the mouth and genital area), edema the pharyngeal and oral mucosa (swelling of the mouth and throat)
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Patient presents with dry cracked lips, sore throat, and scaly patches on the skin around the nose and lips
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Riboflavin deficiency
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Patient presents with difficulty walking, eye problems, confusion, and memory loss. Has history of alcohol abuse.
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Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
(Thiamin deficient) |
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Vitamin B3
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Niacin
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Niacin deficiency
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Pellegra
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Function of Niacin
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Niacin derivatives: NAD, NADH, NADPH, and NAD+ play essential roles in energy metabolism as well as DNA repair
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What amino acid has the ability to convert to niacin
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Tryptophan
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Symptoms of pellegra
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Characteristic dark red rash around the neck, hands, and feet. Skin abnormalities are the most persistent - can become brown and scaly. Inflamed red tongue. Eventually brain problems and dementia occur
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Mnemonic for remembering the symptoms of pellagra
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The 3 D's : Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia
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What 3 common systems or areas does niacin deficiency affect
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Skin, GI tract, and the brain
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What populations are more at risk for developing pellagra
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Underdeveloped countries - particularly those where maize (corn) is the main food source
Alcoholics are also at risk for developing Pellagra |
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Hartnup disease
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rare hereditary disorder in which tryptophan absorption is impaired. Tryptophan can not convert to niacin thus pellagra develops
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What patients might be more likely to experience an excess of niacin
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Those on lipid lowering naicin drugs for high cholesterol and triglyceride levels
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Folic acid works in conjunction with what other vitamin?
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Vitamin B12
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Folate deficiency can result in
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- Macrocytic anemia
- Abnormal digestive function (GI problems) - Neural tube defects |
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Macrocytic or megaloblastic anemia can result from a deficiency in
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Folate (Vit B9) as well as Vit B12
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Food sources for folate
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Green leafy vegetables and citrus fruits
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Cobalamines
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Vitamin B12
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Which vitamin is stored in substantial amounts in the human body - Folate or VitB12?
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Vitamin B12 - takes years to exhaust
Wheres Vit B9 only takes a few months |
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Food source of VitB12
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Meat - any food that comes from animals
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What factor is absolutely necessary for the absorption of VitB12?
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intrinisic factor, a protein made in the stomach
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In what part of the GI tract is VitB12 readily absorbed?
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the terminal small intestine (ileum)
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What populations are at higher risk for VitB12 deficiency
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Vegetarians and vegans who dont eat meat
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pernicious anemia
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type of anemia that develops as a result of vitamin B12 deficiency due to lack of intrinsic factor
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Vitamin B6
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Pyridoxine
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Symptoms of VitB6 deficiency
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Seizures, scaly rash, red tongue, cracks in corners of mouth, pins and needles sensation in hands and feet
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severe vitamin c deficiency
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scurvy
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All of the water soluble vitamins tend to be eliminated quickly from the body except for
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Vitamin B12 which can be store up to 5 years
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Function of folate
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Required for formation of red blood cells, DNA and RNA synthesis, and the normal development of the nervous system in the fetus
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Spine bifida
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neural tube defects
correlates with insufficient amounts of folate in the mothers diet |
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3 week old patient presents with sudden heart failure and aphonia
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Infantile beriberi - maternal thiamine deficiency
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