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40 Cards in this Set

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Vitamin B1
Thiamin
What is the importance of Thiamin?
Essential for carbohydrate metabolism to produce energy and needed for normal heart and nerve function
Thiamin deficiency
Beriberi
What are the two types of Beriberi
Wet Beriberi - affects cardiovascular system
Dry Beriberi - affects nervous system and muscle
In what patient population do we tend to see thiamine deficiency
In alcoholics
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Brain disorder seen in alcoholics who are thiamine deficient
Vitamin B2
Riboflavin
What is the importance of Riboflavin?
Riboflavin is essential for the metabolism of carbs for energy and amino acids. Important part of FAD. It also keeps mucous membranes healthy
Ariboflavinosis
Riboflavin (Vit B2) deficiency
symptoms of riboflavin deficiency
cheilosis (cracked lips and corners of mouth), seborrheic dermatitis (oily scaly skin particularly around the mouth and genital area), edema the pharyngeal and oral mucosa (swelling of the mouth and throat)
Patient presents with dry cracked lips, sore throat, and scaly patches on the skin around the nose and lips
Riboflavin deficiency
Patient presents with difficulty walking, eye problems, confusion, and memory loss. Has history of alcohol abuse.
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
(Thiamin deficient)
Vitamin B3
Niacin
Niacin deficiency
Pellegra
Function of Niacin
Niacin derivatives: NAD, NADH, NADPH, and NAD+ play essential roles in energy metabolism as well as DNA repair
What amino acid has the ability to convert to niacin
Tryptophan
Symptoms of pellegra
Characteristic dark red rash around the neck, hands, and feet. Skin abnormalities are the most persistent - can become brown and scaly. Inflamed red tongue. Eventually brain problems and dementia occur
Mnemonic for remembering the symptoms of pellagra
The 3 D's : Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia
What 3 common systems or areas does niacin deficiency affect
Skin, GI tract, and the brain
What populations are more at risk for developing pellagra
Underdeveloped countries - particularly those where maize (corn) is the main food source
Alcoholics are also at risk for developing Pellagra
Hartnup disease
rare hereditary disorder in which tryptophan absorption is impaired. Tryptophan can not convert to niacin thus pellagra develops
What patients might be more likely to experience an excess of niacin
Those on lipid lowering naicin drugs for high cholesterol and triglyceride levels
Folic acid works in conjunction with what other vitamin?
Vitamin B12
Folate deficiency can result in
- Macrocytic anemia
- Abnormal digestive function (GI problems)
- Neural tube defects
Macrocytic or megaloblastic anemia can result from a deficiency in
Folate (Vit B9) as well as Vit B12
Food sources for folate
Green leafy vegetables and citrus fruits
Cobalamines
Vitamin B12
Which vitamin is stored in substantial amounts in the human body - Folate or VitB12?
Vitamin B12 - takes years to exhaust
Wheres Vit B9 only takes a few months
Food source of VitB12
Meat - any food that comes from animals
What factor is absolutely necessary for the absorption of VitB12?
intrinisic factor, a protein made in the stomach
In what part of the GI tract is VitB12 readily absorbed?
the terminal small intestine (ileum)
What populations are at higher risk for VitB12 deficiency
Vegetarians and vegans who dont eat meat
pernicious anemia
type of anemia that develops as a result of vitamin B12 deficiency due to lack of intrinsic factor
Vitamin B6
Pyridoxine
Symptoms of VitB6 deficiency
Seizures, scaly rash, red tongue, cracks in corners of mouth, pins and needles sensation in hands and feet
severe vitamin c deficiency
scurvy
All of the water soluble vitamins tend to be eliminated quickly from the body except for
Vitamin B12 which can be store up to 5 years
Function of folate
Required for formation of red blood cells, DNA and RNA synthesis, and the normal development of the nervous system in the fetus
Spine bifida
neural tube defects
correlates with insufficient amounts of folate in the mothers diet
3 week old patient presents with sudden heart failure and aphonia
Infantile beriberi - maternal thiamine deficiency