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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are features in the upper course of a river? |
- steep gradient - v-shaped valleys - steep sides - narrow - shallow channel |
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What are features in the middle course of a river? |
- medium gradient - sloping valley sides - wider - deeper channel |
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What are features in the lower course of a river? |
- gentle gradient - very wide - almost flat valley - very wide - deep channel |
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When is the water fastest on a meander? |
The outside of bend |
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Where are river cliffs formed on a meander? |
The outside of a bend |
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Where are slip off slopes? |
The inside of the bend (deposition) |
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How are ox-bow lakes formed? |
The river breaks through a meander neck after a flood and the river follows the shortest course. Deposition cuts off the meander. |
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How is a floodplain formed? |
When a river floods, it deposits material building up the floodplain. Meanders make it widen and slip-off slopes built up flood plains. |
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How are levees formed? |
During a flood, eroded material is deposited. The heaviest material is deposited closest to the river bank and over time, this material builds up. |
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What is lag time? |
The difference between peak rainfall and peak discharge |
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What are factors causes lag time to decrease? |
- Rainfall - Temperature - Rock Types - Relief - Land Use - Previous Weather Conditions - Vegetation |
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Name examples of hard engineering |
- Dams and Reservoirs - Channel Straightening |
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Name examples of soft engineering |
- Flood Warnings - Floodplain zoning - Preparation - Doing Nothing |