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13 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What are features in the upper course of a river?

- steep gradient


- v-shaped valleys


- steep sides


- narrow


- shallow channel

What are features in the middle course of a river?

- medium gradient


- sloping valley sides


- wider


- deeper channel

What are features in the lower course of a river?

- gentle gradient


- very wide


- almost flat valley


- very wide


- deep channel

When is the water fastest on a meander?

The outside of bend

Where are river cliffs formed on a meander?

The outside of a bend

Where are slip off slopes?

The inside of the bend (deposition)

How are ox-bow lakes formed?

The river breaks through a meander neck after a flood and the river follows the shortest course. Deposition cuts off the meander.

How is a floodplain formed?

When a river floods, it deposits material building up the floodplain. Meanders make it widen and slip-off slopes built up flood plains.

How are levees formed?

During a flood, eroded material is deposited. The heaviest material is deposited closest to the river bank and over time, this material builds up.

What is lag time?

The difference between peak rainfall and peak discharge

What are factors causes lag time to decrease?

- Rainfall


- Temperature


- Rock Types


- Relief


- Land Use


- Previous Weather Conditions


- Vegetation

Name examples of hard engineering

- Dams and Reservoirs


- Channel Straightening

Name examples of soft engineering

- Flood Warnings


- Floodplain zoning


- Preparation


- Doing Nothing