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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is an oxbow lake formed? |
1. Erosion causes the outside bends to get closer until there's only a small bit of land left between the bends(neck) 2. The river breaks through this land during a flood and the river flows in a straight line 3. Deposition cuts off the meander forming and oxbow lake |
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What are the features of a meander? |
- current faster on the outside bend because river is deeper(less friction to slow down water) - erosion takes place on the outside forming river cliffs - current slower on the inside - material deposited on the inside forming slip-off slopes |
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How are waterfalls and gorges formed? |
1. River flows over an area of hard rock followed by soft rock 2. Soft rock is eroded more than hard rock creating a 'step' in river 3. As water goes over the step it erodes more of the soft rock 4. A steep drop is then created 5. Hard is eventually undercut, becomes unsupported and collapses 6. Collapsed rocks swirled around at the bottom where they erode the soft rock by abrasion creating a plunge pool 7. Over time this process continues and the waterfall will retreat leaving behind a steep-sided gorge |
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How are levees created? |
- during flood eroded material is deposited over the flood plain - the heaviest material deposited closest as it gets dropped first when the river slows down - overtime this builds up creating levees |
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What is river discharge? |
The volume of water that flows in a river per second( measured in cumecs) |
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What is river discharge? |
The volume of water that flows in a river per second( measured in cumecs) |
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What factors can affect the amount of discharge in a river? |
- amount of rainfall - land use - temperature - rock type - relief |
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What is river discharge? |
The volume of water that flows in a river per second( measured in cumecs) |
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What factors can affect the amount of discharge in a river? |
- amount of rainfall - land use - temperature - rock type - relief |
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What is a case study of a flood in a rich part of the world? |
- Carlisle, England - river Eden - 8th January 2005 |
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What is river discharge? |
The volume of water that flows in a river per second( measured in cumecs) |
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What factors can affect the amount of discharge in a river? |
- amount of rainfall - land use - temperature - rock type - relief |
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What is a case study of a flood in a rich part of the world? |
- Carlisle, England - river Eden - 8th January 2005 |
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What were some of the causes and effects of the flood in a rich part of the world? |
Back (Definition) |
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What is river discharge? |
The volume of water that flows in a river per second( measured in cumecs) |
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What factors can affect the amount of discharge in a river? |
- amount of rainfall - land use - temperature - rock type - relief |
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What is a case study of a flood in a rich part of the world? |
- Carlisle, England - river Eden - 8th January 2005 |
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What were some of the causes and effects of the flood in a rich part of the world? |
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What is a case study for a flood in a poor part of the world? |
- Bangladesh, South Asia - river Ganges and Brahmaputra - July and August, 2007 |
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What is river discharge? |
The volume of water that flows in a river per second( measured in cumecs) |
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What factors can affect the amount of discharge in a river? |
- amount of rainfall - land use - temperature - rock type - relief |
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What is a case study of a flood in a rich part of the world? |
- Carlisle, England - river Eden - 8th January 2005 |
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What were some of the causes and effects of the flood in a rich part of the world? |
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What is a case study for a flood in a poor part of the world? |
- Bangladesh, South Asia - river Ganges and Brahmaputra - July and August, 2007 |
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What are some of the causes and effects of the flood in a poor part of the world? |
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What is a way to deal with the water demand in the UK? |
Transfer water from areas of surplus(greater supply than demand) to areas of deficit(greater demand than supply) |
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What are some ways to deal with the water demand in the UK? |
- transfer water from areas of surplus(greater supply than demand) to areas of deficit(greater demand than supply) - building reservoirs - fixing leaky pipes |
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What issues can water transfer cause? |
- dams and aqueducts that are needed are expensive - could affect wildlife that lives in the rivers e.g fish migration could be disrupted - political issues e.g people may not want their water given to another country |
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What is a case study for a reservoir in the UK? |
Rutland water in the East Midlands |
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What is a case study for a reservoir in the UK? |
Rutland water in the East Midlands |
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What are some facts about the reservoir? |
- created during the 1970s - covers 12 km squared - designed to supply the East Midlands with more water to cope with the rapid population growth |
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What are the economic impacts of the reservoir? |
- boosts the local economy= popular tourist attraction because of the wildlife and recreation facilities - 6kilometres squared of land was flooded some farmland= some farmers lost their livelihoods |
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What are the economic impacts of the reservoir? |
- boosts the local economy= popular tourist attraction because of the wildlife and recreation facilities - 6kilometres squared of land was flooded some farmland= some farmers lost their livelihoods |
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What some social impacts of the reservoir? |
- many jobs created to build and maintain the reservoir - schools use the reservoir for educational visits |
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What are the economic impacts of the reservoir? |
- boosts the local economy= popular tourist attraction because of the wildlife and recreation facilities - 6kilometres squared of land was flooded some farmland= some farmers lost their livelihoods |
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What some social impacts of the reservoir? |
- many jobs created to build and maintain the reservoir - schools use the reservoir for educational visits |
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What are some environmental factors of the reservoir? |
- large area flooded to create the reservoir which destroyed some habitats - Rutland water is a site of special scientific interest= and area where wildlife is protected |
