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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are diuretics used for?
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Treatment of hypertension
Mobilization of Edematous Fluid |
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Where does filtration happen in the kidney?
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The Glomerulus
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What are the predominant solutes that are reabsorbed?
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Sodium and Chloride
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Filtration is a _____ process while reabsorption is a ____ process.
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Nonselective
Active |
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Where is the largest amount of ions reabsorped?
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Proximal Convoluted Tubule
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The greatest amount of ions are mainly reabsorped (last/first) while only a smaller amount are reabsorped (last/first).
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First
Last |
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How do diuretics work?
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Blockage of sodium and chloride reabsorption which prevents the passive reabsorption of water
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Drugs whose action are (earlier/later) in the nephron have the greatest diuresis.
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Earlier
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What is hypovolemia?
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Excessive Fluid Loss
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Which diuretics are the most effective?
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High Ceiling (Loop) Diuretics
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Where do high ceiling diuretics act?
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Thick segment of the ascending limb
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What is the prototype of the high ceiling diuretics?
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Furosemide
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Furosemide is a ______.
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High Ceiling Diuretics
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Furosemide is used for ____.
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Situations that require rapid mobilization of fluid
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What are the adverse effects of High ceiling diuretics?
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Hypoatremia (Loss of sodium)
Hypochloremia Dehydration Hypotension Hypokalemia Ototoxicity Hyperglycemia |
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Dehydration can promote a _____ and ____.
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thrombosis
embolism |
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What are some drug interactions with Furosemide?
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Digoxin
Ototoxic drugs Lithium NSAIDs |
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What is the prototype of the thiazides?
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Hydrochlorothiazide
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Hydrochlorothiazide is a ____.
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Thiazide Diuretic
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Where do thiazides work?
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Early segment of the distal convoluted tubule
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Thiazides have (more/less) efficacy than high ceiling diuretics.
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less
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The difference in the adverse effects of thiazides and high ceiling diuretics are ____.
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Lack of ototoxic actions
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The similarities between the adverse effects of thiazides and high ceiling diuretics are ___.
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Hypoatremia
Hypochloremia Dehydration Hypokalemia Hyperglycemia |
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What are the contraindications for thiazides?
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Lithium
Digoxin NSAIDs |
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What are Potassium Sparing Diuretics used for?
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Counteract potassium loss caused by thiazides or high ceiling diuretics
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What is the prototype of the Potassium Sparing Diuretics?
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Spironolactone
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Spironolactone is a _____.
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Potassium Sparing Diuretic
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What are the adverse effects of Spironolactone?
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Hyperkalemia
Endocrine Effects |
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How does Spironlactone work?
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Blocks the action of aldosterone
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What is Triamterene?
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Potassium Sparing Diuretic
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What is the difference between Spironolactone and Triamterene?
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Triamterene is a direct inhibitor of the Na/K exchange while Spironolactone blocks the action of aldosterone
Triamterene lacks endocrine effects |
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What does Aldosterone do?
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Increases the action of Potassium secreting/ Sodium Reabsorbing pumps in Collecting Tubule
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Amiloride is similar to _____.
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Triamterene
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Mannitol is a _____.
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Osmotic Diuretic
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How does mannitol work?
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Osmotic force that inhibits passive absorption of water
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Mannitol is given ___.
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Parentally
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What are the uses of Mannitol?
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Prophylaxis of Renal Failure
Reduction of Cranial and Ocular Pressure |
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What are adverse effects of Mannitol?
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Edema
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Volume Contraction is a (decrease/increase) in Total Body Water while Volume Expansion is a (decrease/increase) in TBW.
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decrease
increase |
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Isotonic change in TBW have a change in the ___ but not the ___.
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volume
osmolarity |
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Dextrose solutions are the equivalent of water alone.
T or F |
True
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Isotonic solutions are ___ sodium chloride.
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0.9% sodium chloride
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Respiratory Alkalosis is caused by ___ and Respiratory Acidosis is caused ___.
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Hyperventilation
Hypoventilation |
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Metabolic Alkalosis is ___.
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Increase in pH and bicarbonate content of plasma
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___ stimulates potassium uptake into cells.
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Isulin
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What is used to treat hypokalemia?
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Potassium salts
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What is the sign of hyperkalemia?
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Disruption of electrical activity of the heart
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What is the sign of hypomagnesemia?
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Muscle excitability
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Where is most of the blood in the body?
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Venous system
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An increase in ___ will increase stroke volume while an increase in ____ will decrease stroke volume.
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Preload
Afterload |
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What do Natriuretic Peptide do?
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Protect the cardiovascular in the event of volume overload
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What is the most important determinant of venous return?
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Systemic pressure filling
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The ___ is used for short-term BP regulation.
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Baroreceptor Reflex
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