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30 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Osmosis
Movement of water from low salt concentration to high salt concentration
Diffusion
Movement of solutes from high to low concentration
Osmoregulation
Regulating solute and water balance in the body
Osmoconformer
Osmolarity = seawater
Osmolarity
Concentration of dissolved substances in a solution
Hypotonic
Lower concentration of solute compared to the environment
Hyperosmotic
Higher concentration of solute compared to the environment
Diffusion
Solutes moving from high to low concentration
Osmosis
Water moving from low to high salt concentration
Osmolarity
Concentration of dissolved substances in a solution
Osmoconformer
Osmolarity=seawater
Osmoregulator
Osmolarity is lower than seawater
Saltwater Fish
Hypotonic (has lower concentration of salt) to the environment. Has water loss and salt gain (Problem). Solution: drink water, transport ions out of gills, and don't uptake ions
Freshwater Fish
Hypertonic (has higher concentration of salt) to the environment. Has too much water and too little salt (problem). Solution: Uptake salts, lots of urine
Ammonia
Fecal matter of Fish. Lots of water lost when excreted. Not a lot of energy used to make it
Urea
Terrestrial Mammals. Medium water loss and medium energy spent making Urea
Uric Acid
Fecal matter of Birds. Minimal water loss. Lots of energy spent making it. Least toxic
Functional Unit of the Kidney
Nephron
-Cortical Nephron, cortex only
-Juxtamedullary Nephron, loop on Henle, only in mammals and birds.
Where is blood filtered?
At the Renal Corpuscle, which is made up of the Glomerlus and the Bowman's Capsule
Afferent Arteriole
Brings blood to the Kidney
Efferent Arteriole
Takes filtered blood from the kidney back to the heart
Proximal Tubule
Reabsorbs important nutrients and water from the filtrate. Na+/K+ pump removes Na+ to create a gradient for a Na+ cotransporter.
Loop of Henle
Counter Current Multiplier with the Proximal Tubule
3 Regions- Descending Limb, thin and thick ascending limb
Descending Limb
Permeable to water only, so water moves out. Volume decreases, but osmolarity increases
Thin Ascending Limb
Permeable only to solutes, so solutes move out. Volume stays roughly the same, but osmolarity decreases.
Thick Ascending Limb
ATP active transport of solutes out in the blood stream. Osmolarity decreases.
ADH (Aquaporins)
ADH controls the kidneys by increasing water uptake into the blood and concentrating urine
Glomerular Filtration Rate
The Glomerulus needs a constant blood pressure to filter blood.
GFR Hormones
Renin --> Angiotensin contricts the efferent arteriole to raise blood pressure -->Aldosterone increase Na+ and Water uptake and stimulates thirst to increase blood pressure
Blood Pressure
ADH-More water absorption to decrease blood osmolarity
Renin, Angiotensin, and Aldosterone-Increase blood pressure for GFR