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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Osmosis
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Movement of water from low salt concentration to high salt concentration
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Diffusion
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Movement of solutes from high to low concentration
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Osmoregulation
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Regulating solute and water balance in the body
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Osmoconformer
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Osmolarity = seawater
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Osmolarity
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Concentration of dissolved substances in a solution
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Hypotonic
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Lower concentration of solute compared to the environment
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Hyperosmotic
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Higher concentration of solute compared to the environment
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Diffusion
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Solutes moving from high to low concentration
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Osmosis
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Water moving from low to high salt concentration
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Osmolarity
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Concentration of dissolved substances in a solution
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Osmoconformer
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Osmolarity=seawater
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Osmoregulator
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Osmolarity is lower than seawater
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Saltwater Fish
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Hypotonic (has lower concentration of salt) to the environment. Has water loss and salt gain (Problem). Solution: drink water, transport ions out of gills, and don't uptake ions
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Freshwater Fish
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Hypertonic (has higher concentration of salt) to the environment. Has too much water and too little salt (problem). Solution: Uptake salts, lots of urine
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Ammonia
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Fecal matter of Fish. Lots of water lost when excreted. Not a lot of energy used to make it
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Urea
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Terrestrial Mammals. Medium water loss and medium energy spent making Urea
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Uric Acid
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Fecal matter of Birds. Minimal water loss. Lots of energy spent making it. Least toxic
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Functional Unit of the Kidney
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Nephron
-Cortical Nephron, cortex only -Juxtamedullary Nephron, loop on Henle, only in mammals and birds. |
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Where is blood filtered?
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At the Renal Corpuscle, which is made up of the Glomerlus and the Bowman's Capsule
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Afferent Arteriole
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Brings blood to the Kidney
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Efferent Arteriole
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Takes filtered blood from the kidney back to the heart
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Proximal Tubule
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Reabsorbs important nutrients and water from the filtrate. Na+/K+ pump removes Na+ to create a gradient for a Na+ cotransporter.
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Loop of Henle
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Counter Current Multiplier with the Proximal Tubule
3 Regions- Descending Limb, thin and thick ascending limb |
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Descending Limb
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Permeable to water only, so water moves out. Volume decreases, but osmolarity increases
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Thin Ascending Limb
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Permeable only to solutes, so solutes move out. Volume stays roughly the same, but osmolarity decreases.
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Thick Ascending Limb
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ATP active transport of solutes out in the blood stream. Osmolarity decreases.
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ADH (Aquaporins)
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ADH controls the kidneys by increasing water uptake into the blood and concentrating urine
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Glomerular Filtration Rate
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The Glomerulus needs a constant blood pressure to filter blood.
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GFR Hormones
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Renin --> Angiotensin contricts the efferent arteriole to raise blood pressure -->Aldosterone increase Na+ and Water uptake and stimulates thirst to increase blood pressure
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Blood Pressure
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ADH-More water absorption to decrease blood osmolarity
Renin, Angiotensin, and Aldosterone-Increase blood pressure for GFR |