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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two largest sources of fresh water on Earth?
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Ground Water
Snow and Ice |
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How does precipitation form?
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Adiabatic Cooling: Warm air rises, expans and cools
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What are the three requirements for the formation of precipitation?
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-Saturated air
-condensation surfaces/particulates -Sufficient drop size |
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What is the rain shadow effect?
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-Moist air masses moving inland over mountain ranges must rise
-As an air mass rises, cooling leads to condensation and formation of precipitation over the windward slopes -Precipation is depleated further inland -COntributes to desert conditions in continential interior regions, such as the Great Basin Desert east of the Sierra Nevada |
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What is a watershed?
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Total land area that drains directly or indirectly to a stream or river
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risk
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possibility of suffering from a hazard
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hazard
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an adverse chance; possibility of peril, danger, or other bad things
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probability
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(chance): mathematical statemant of the likelihood of an event
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flood
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-River depth rises above channel
-Flows spread out on floodplain |
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Baseflow
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Lower flows between storms and during dry season
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infiltration
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The entry of water into the soil surface
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evapotranspiration
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Transportation combined with evaporation
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convection
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-Density driven movement of air
-Tempature dependent |
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List three reasons why dams are built
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-Water supply
-Flood control -Agriculture -Recreation -Hydroelectric power production -Navigation |
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List two benefits of dams and two negative environmental effects of dams.
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Benefits
-Water supply -Irrigation Negative effects -increased pollution -Disrupt the function of a river systen |
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aquifer
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Porous, permeable geologic units that can store, transmit and yield significant amounts of water
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porosity
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-volume of the pores divided by the total volume of a sample
-Pore connectedness matter for permeability |
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Permeability
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flow water flows through pores
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Describe two consequences of over-pumping groundwater
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-clay layers compress
-Land surface falls -Sinkholes may form |
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nonpoint source pollution
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Dispersed areas of land releasing pollutants
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primary water quality standard
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excessive nitrogen as nitrate infers with oxygen metabolism, can cause blue baby syndrome
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secondary water quality standard
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aesthetic qualities (taste, odor)
-iron, sulfate, color |
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concentration
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mass per volume (M/L3)
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Load
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Mass per time (M/T)
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point source pollution
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-sewer treatment systems
-industrial outflows |
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What other source of water supplies significant human needs?
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Salt water
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What are the major uses of water in California?
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-Agriculture
-environmental |
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Hydrolic Cycle
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-Precipitation
-Infiltration -Subsurface flow -Surface runoff -Evaporation/ Transpiration (ET) |
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Hometown? Where does the water come from?
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-Zone 7 water aqency
-two treatment plants |
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Hydraulic head
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is a specific measurement of water pressure
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