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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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BOD stands for |
Biological Oxygen Demand
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TSS stands for
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Total Suspended Solids
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This term is used to describe the amount of oxygen consumed by a specific quantity of organic matter. It can also be thought of as a bulk measurement of all the biologically degradable organic matter in the water.
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Biochemical Oxygen Demand or BOD.
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This group of bacteria obtain their carbon (food) by eating other organisms and organic matter
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Heterotrophs
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Heterotrophic literally translates as
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Other Feeder -- these bacteria get their carbon from eating other bacteria or organic matter
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Autotrophic bacteria obtain their carbon from this source
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Inorganic forms of carbon such as carbon dioxide and the carbonate ion
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Autotrophic literally translates as
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Self Feeder -- this group of bacteria gets its carbon from inorganic sources like carbon dioxide and carbonate. They can't eat BOD.
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Can autotrophic bacteria consume BOD?
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No. These bacteria get their carbon from inorganic sources only.
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Bacteria are classified by their oxygen requirements. This group of bacteria must have dissolved oxygen (DO) to live.
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Obligate Aerobes
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Bacteria are classified by their oxygen requirements. This group of bacteria will use dissolved oxygen if it is available, but can also get oxygen from nitrate or sulfate.
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Facultative Bacteria
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Bacteria are classified by their oxygen requirements. This group of bacteria are poisoned by oxygen. They don't want any dissolved oxygen, nitrate, or sulfate around.
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Anaerobic Bacteria
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The group of specialized bacteria that convert ammonia to nitrate are the:
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Nitrifiers or Nitrifying Bacteria
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This bacteria is responsible for converting ammonia to nitrite:
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Nitrosomonas
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This bacteria is responsible for converting nitrite to nitrate:
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Nitrobacter
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The nitrifying bacteria, Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter, must have dissolved oxygen to live. This makes them:
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Obligate Aerobes
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The nitrifying bacteria, Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter, don't consume BOD. Instead, they get their carbon from inorganic sources. This makes them:
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Autotrophs
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Bacteria come together in the activated sludge process to form clumps called:
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Flocs
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This term describes the process when smaller particles bump into and collide with one another to form larger particles.
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Agglomeration or Bioflocculation
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MLSS stands for
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Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids
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MLVSS stands for
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Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solids
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Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solids (MLVSS) is used to estimate this:
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The mass of active microorganisms in the activated sludge process
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This term describes an environment where dissolved oxygen is plentiful
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Aerobic
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This term describes an environment where dissolved oxygen concentrations are very low or zero, but where nitrate is present
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Anoxic
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This term describes an environment where neither dissolved oxygen nor nitrate is available
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Anaerobic
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Facultative bacteria in the activated sludge process can "breathe" nitrate when oxygen is not available. This process is called:
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Denitrification
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This common atmospheric gas is the byproduct of denitrification
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Nitrogen Gas
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BTU stands for
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British Thermal Unit
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This term is used to describe the amount of heat required to raise 1 pound of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit
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BTU or British Thermal Unit
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This term is used to describe the mixture of bacteria, protazoans, filaments, and other organisms present in the activated sludge basin
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Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS) or "bugs"
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Chlorine Demand
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The amount of chlorine used up or consumed by the wastewater.
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Chlorine Residual
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The amount of chlorine that can be measured after the demand has been satisfied.
When chlorine is added to water, some gets used up right away. This is the demand. What's left over is the residual. We can measure the residual with a bunch of different lab tests. |
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Chlorine Dose
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The total amount of chlorine added to the water.
DOSE = Demand + Residual |
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This term is used to describe unstabilized solids, undigested solids, and MLSS before it leaves the WWTP
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Sludge
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This term is used to describe excess solids from the treatment process that have been stabilized through digestion or other process.
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Biosolids
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This calculation describes the settleability of activated sludge
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Sludge Volume Index or SVI
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The Sludge Volume Index (SVI) is expressed in these units:
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milliliters per gram (mL / g)
It is calculated by taking the settled sludge volume at 30 minutes (SSV30), multiplying by 1,000, and dividing by the mixed liquor concentration in mg/L. |
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When the Sludge Volume Index (SVI) is greater than 200 mL/g, this technical term describes its settleability
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Bulking
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NPDES stands for
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National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
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OSHA stands for
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration or Act
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This term describes the formation of an air bubble or bubbles inside a pump. When the bubbles collapse, they can damage the impeller or pump housing.
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Cavitation
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Disinfection effectiveness is monitored by testing for fecal coliforms and e. coli. We look for them because they are easy to analyze for, are present in larger quantities than the target organisms, and are associated with contamination by fecal matter. This term describes their function:
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Indicator Organism
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This method is used for testing residual chlorine levels.
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DPD Method. DPD stands for N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine
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Denitrification is the conversion of
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Nitrate to nitrogen gas
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Nitrification is the conversion of
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Ammonia to Nitrate
This is a two step process. Ammonia to nitrite followed by nitrite to nitrate. |
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This term describes either:
The amount of time to fill a tank. The amount of time to drain a tank. The average amount of time water spends in a tank when water is both entering and leaving the tank. |
Hydraulic Retention Time
or Detention Time |
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Define Eutrophication
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Accumulation of nutrients -- nitrogen and phosphorus -- in the environment. Usually refers to a lake or river.
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A pump is used to move water uphill a certain distance. This term is used to describe the amount of force the pump must pump against due to gravity.
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Static Head
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A pump is used to move water uphill a certain distance. This term is used to describe the resistance caused by pushing water through valves and changes in direction.
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Friction Head
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A pump is used to move water uphill a certain distance. This term is used to describe the resistance caused by water rubbing on the inside of the pipe.
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Velocity Head
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TDH stands for
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Total Dynamic Head
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Total Dynamic Head (TDH) is the sum of these three types of head loss in a pumped system
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Static Head, Friction Head, and Velocity Head
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Compare Disinfection to Sterilization
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Disinfection reduces the total number of bacteria and pathogens present.
Sterilization kills all bacteria and pathogens. |
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This term describes the amount of organic matter (BOD) available per microorganism in the activated sludge process
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Food to Microorganism Ratio
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Bacteria in the activated sludge process grow in these two basic ways
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Floc Formers
Filament Formers |
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This type of sample is collected as a "dip and take" or single discrete aliquot
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Grab Sample
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To create this type of sample, multiple samples are collected and then combined together in the same sample bottle
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Composite
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Define Flow Proportional Composite Sample
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Multiple aliquots are collected throughout the day. The size of each aliquot is adjusted based on the amount of flow entering the plant at the time of collection. The flow adjusted samples are then combined to form a single larger sample.
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Total Solids (TS) entering a treatment plant can be separated by filtration into these two components:
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Suspended Solids or Residue
and Dissolved Solids |
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Total Solids (TS) entering a treatment plant can be separated by heating at 550 degrees into these two components:
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Volatile Solids
and Non-Volatile Solids Volatile Solids are assumed to be either live bacteria or organic matter. Non-volatile solids consist of things like grit, sand, egg shells, metal salts, and other things that don't break down. |
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If a sample is collected for total solids and is then heated to 550 degrees, what fraction will remain at the end of the test? Volatile or Non-volatile?
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Non-Volatile. All of the volatile stuff burned away during the test.
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Grit is typically disposed of by
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Domestic Garbage or Landfilling.
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Screenings are typically disposed of by
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Domestic Garbage or Landfilling.
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IDLH stands for
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Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health
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Total Inorganic Nitrogen or TIN consists of these three components
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Ammonia, Nitrite, and Nitrate
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Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen consists of these two components
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Organically bound nitrogen and ammonia
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MCRT stands for
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Mean Cell Residence Time
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SRT stands for
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Solids Residence Time
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Mean Cell Residence Time (MCRT) is defined as
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The amount of time that the "Average" bug spends in the activated sludge process before being wasted out of the system.
Typically expressed in days. |
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Mean Cell Residence Time is calculated by:
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Dividing the total pounds of MLSS in the system by the total pounds of MLSS leaving the system.
MLSS is in the system in the activated sludge tanks and in the clarifiers. MLSS leaves the system as WAS and as effuent suspended solids. |
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What is the primary difference between MCRT and SRT?
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SRT does not include the MLSS in the clarifiers.
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Velocity is defined as
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Flow per area (gallons per square foot)
OR Distance per time (miles per hour) |
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SOR stands for
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Surface Overflow Rate
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The surface overflow rate for a clarifier is calculated by
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Dividing the total flow entering the clarifier by the surface area of the clarifier.
Expressed as gallons per day per square foot (gpd/sf) |
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This term is used to describe the film or slime layer that grows on a trickling filter or rotating biological contactor
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Biofilm.
The term zooglea is sometimes used, but is not technically correct. |
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This term is used to describe the loss of biofilm from a trickling filter or rotating biological contact. It is a normal part of biofilm growth.
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Sloughing
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MPN stands for
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Most Probable Number
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CFU/100 mL stands for
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Colony Forming Units per 100 milliliters
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The OUCH Principal for management says that
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When managers delegate tasks, they should be
O - Objective U - Uniform in treatment of employees C - Consistent with utility policies H - Have job relatedness |
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POTW stands for
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Publically Owned Treatment Works
Another term for wastewater treatment plant. See also Wastewater Treatment Facility Water Reclamation Facility |
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Bacteria, viruses, and protozoans that can cause illness in humans are all:
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Pathogens
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Digesters can be run at different temperatures. Unheated digesters are termed:
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Psychrophilic
Psychro = cold Philic = love Literally cold loving |
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Digesters can be run at different temperatures. Most are heated to run at 95 degrees Fahrenheit. They are termed:
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Mesophilic
Meso = middle Philic = love Literally middle loving Most anaerobic digesters are run in the mesophilic range. |
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Digesters can be run at different temperatures. Digesters that are heated to run at high temperature with short solids retention times are termed:
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Thermophilic
Thermo = heat Philic = Love Literally heat loving. |
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Anaerobic digesters take advantage of these two main groups of bacteria
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Acid Formers
Methane Formers |
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Trickling Filters, Rotating Biological Contactors, and Recirculating Sand Filters are all examples of
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Fixed Film Processes
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