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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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King Alexander III of Scotland
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was born at Roxburgh 1241
died in 1286, leaving his four-year old granddaughter Margaret as his heir. |
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Margaret
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Maid of Norway
Heir at four years old after death of Alexander iii Died crossing |
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Treaty of Birgham
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In 1290, the Guardians of Scotland agreeing to the marriage of the Maid of Norway and Edward of Caernarvon, the son of Edward I, who was Margaret's great-uncle. This marriage would create a union between Scotland and England. The Scots insisted that the Treaty declare that Scotland was separate and divided from England and that its rights, laws, liberties and customs were wholly and inviolably preserved for all time.
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Contenders for the Crown
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14 of them
Robert Bruce John Balliol Major contenders |
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Norham in 1291
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Edward to mediate. Brought his army. Demanded to be pronounced Lord Paramount before. Castles and officials placed under his command.
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The Great Clause
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The claims of most of the competitors were rejected, leaving Balliol, Bruce, Floris V, Count of Holland and John de Hastings of Abergavenny, 2nd Baron Hastings, as the only men who could prove direct descent from David I.Balliol was named king by a majority on 17 November 1292
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Auld Alliance
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The Auld Alliance (French: Vieille Alliance, Norwegian: auld-alliansen) refers to a series of treaties, offensive and defensive in nature, between Scotland and France aimed specifically against England. The first such agreement was signed in Paris on 23 October 1295 – subsequently ratified at Dunfermline the following February – during the reign of John Balliol and Philip the Fair. It was renewed on several subsequent occasions, and affected Franco-Scottish (and English) affairs until the Treaty of Edinburgh in 1560. There were times when the two nations acquired considerable mutual benefit from the alliance, particularly after the outbreak of the Hundred Years War.However, without consulting the Scots, Louis made peace with Henry in the summer of 1514. Although Scotland was included, it was on the most offensive terms imaginable: if the Scots raided England, her inclusion would be void, although there was no compensating provision for English raids into Scotland. Acting under English pressure, and despite promises to the contrary, Louis kept the Duke of Albany in France. Considering the terrible sacrifice that Scotland had made for France this was an astonishing betrayal. Cardinal Bernard Bibenna said of the peace: "that the king of France has not refrained from making a shameful agreement with the king of England, renouncing his protection for Scotland and leaving that realm to the government of the king of England."
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