Wardlaw's Perspectives In Nutrition

Front 1

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Back 1

Chemical that supplies energy for many cellular processes and reactions

Front 2

Tissue

Back 2

Collection of cells adapted to perform a specific function

Front 3

Organ

Back 3

A structure consisting of cells and tissues that perform a specific function in an organism

Front 4

Organ System

Back 4

Group of organs classified as a unit because they work together to perform a function or set of functions

Front 5

What 4 primary types of issues are humans composed of?

Back 5

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

Front 6

Epithelial Tissue

Back 6

is composed of cells that cover surfaces outside and inside the body (absorb nutrients, secrete important substances, excrete waste, protect underlying tissues)

Front 7

Connective Tissue

Back 7

Supports and protects the body by holding structures together, stores fat, and produces blood cells

Ex: tendons, cartilage, arteries, and veins are made up of connective tissue

Front 8

Muscle Tissue

Back 8

Can contract and relax and permits movement

Front 9

Nervous Tissue

Back 9

Found in the brain and spinal cord, transmits nerve impulses form one part of the body to the other

Front 10

What is the form of energy that can be used by almost all cells?

Back 10

ATP

Front 11

Which tissue type covers the surfaces that are both outside and inside the body?

Back 11

Epithelial

Front 12

What are the major components of the digestive system?

Back 12

mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, accessory organs

Front 13

What are the major components of the nervous system?

Back 13

brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors

Front 14

What are the major components of the cardio system?

Back 14

heart, blood vessels, blood

Front 15

What are the major components of the integumentary system?

Back 15

skin, hair, nails, sweat glands

Front 16

What are the major components of the skeletal system?

Back 16

bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints

Front 17

What are the major components of the muscular system?

Back 17

smoooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscle

Front 18

What are the major components of the endocrine system?

Back 18

endocrine glands, adrenal glands

Front 19

What are the major components of the lymphatic & immune system?

Back 19

lymph, lymphocytes, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes

Front 20

What are the major components of the urinary system?

Back 20

kidneys, urinary bladder, ducts that carry uterine

Front 21

What are the major components of the respiratory system?

Back 21

lungs, respiratory passages

Front 22

What are the major components of the reproductive system?

Back 22

gonads, genitals

Front 23

ailmentary canal

Back 23

tubular portion of the digestive tract that extends from the mouth to the anus

Front 24

Spinctor

Back 24

muscular valve that controls the flow of foodstuffs for the alimentary canal

Front 25

What four layers does the wall of the alimentary canal consist of?

Back 25

Mucosa, submucosa, muscle, serosa

Front 26

Digestive Enzymes

Back 26

Compounds that aid in the breakdown of carbs, fats, and proteins

catalyze chemical reactions

Front 27

Peristalis

Back 27

The process by which food is mixed with digestive secretions and propelled down the GI tract

Front 28

Hydrolysis Reaction

Back 28

Chemical reaction that breaks down a compound by adding water. One produce receives H+ one receives OH-

Front 29

Hormone

Back 29

Chemical substances produced in the body that controls or regulates the activity of certain cells or organs

Front 30

Bolus

Back 30

Mass of food that is swallowed

Front 31

Lysozymes

Back 31

Enzymes produced by a variety of cells that can destroy bacteria by rupturing cell membranes

Front 32

Amylase

Back 32

Starch-digesting enzyme from the salivary glands or pancreas

Front 33

What are the five basic tastes

Back 33

salty, sour, bitter, umami, sweet

Front 34

Olfactory

Back 34

related to the sense of smell

Front 35

Epiglottis

Back 35

Flap that folds down over the trachea during swallowing

Front 36

Trachea

Back 36

Airway leading from the larynx to the lungs

Front 37

Larynx

Back 37

Structure located between the pharynx and trachea; contains the vocal cords

Front 38

What substances are found in saliva?

Back 38

mucus, lysozyme, amylase,

Front 39

How does the swallowing process prevent food from going into the trachea?

Back 39

Epiglottis

Front 40

Parietal Cell

Back 40

Gastric gland cell that secretes HCl and intrinsic factor

Front 41

Pepsinogen

Back 41

Inactive precursor to the protein-digesting enzyme pepsin; produced in the stomach

Front 42

Chief Cells

Back 42

Gastric gland cells that secrete pepsinogen

Front 43

Gastrin

Back 43

Hormone that stimulates HCl and pepsinogen secretion by the stomach

Front 44

Prostaglandins

Back 44

Potent compounds that are synthesized from polyunsaturated fatty acids and produce diverse effects in the body

Front 45

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)

Back 45

class of medications that reduce inflammation, fever, and pain but are not steroids.

Aspirin, ibuprofen

Front 46

How does heartburn occur?

Back 46

If the sphincter malfunctions, doesn't prevent back flow into the esophagus

Front 47

Chyme

Back 47

liquid mixture of stomach secretions and partially digested food

Front 48

Gastric Inhibitory Peptide

Back 48

Hormone that slows gastric motility and stimulates insulin release from the pancreas

Front 49

Enterocytes

Back 49

Specialized absorptive cells in the villi of the small intestine (128)

Front 50

glycocalyx

Back 50

projections of proteins on microvillli. They contain enzymes to digest protein and carbohydrate

Front 51

enterohepatic circulation

Back 51

continual recycling of compounds between the small intestine and liver. bile is on example of a recycled compound

Front 52

What are the four hormones in the endocrine system that play key roles in regulation?

Back 52

gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK), gastric inhibitory peptide

Front 53

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

Back 53

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Front 54

Where is bile synthesized & what is its function?

Back 54

?

Front 55

What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?

Back 55

Protects the small intestine from damage by acid by producing pancreatic juice (basic)

Front 56

Which type of absorption requires energy?

Back 56

?

Front 57

electrolytes

Back 57

compounds that separate into ions in water and in turn, are able to conduct an electrical current (134)

Front 58

Short-chain fatty acids

Back 58

Fatty acid that contains fewer than 6 carbon atoms

Front 59

Capillary

Back 59

Smallest blood vessel; the major site for the exchange of substances between the blood and the tissues

Front 60

Lacteals

Back 60

tiny vessels in the small intestine villus hat absorb dietary fat

Front 61

What are the three nutrients that are transported by the cardiovascular system?

Back 61

Water-soluble nutrients, short- and medium-chain fatty acids

Front 62

What are the 3 nutrients that are transported first in the lymphatic system?

Back 62

Fat soluble nutrients (A, D, E, K) and proteins

Front 63

Which organ first receives nutrients from the cardiovascular system?

Back 63

?

Front 64

Why is diarrhea so life-threatening to children in developing countries?

Back 64

When a child is malnourished the mucosa of the intestine can become thin, damaged, and leaky allowing pathogens to invade more easily

Front 65

What are the 3 main functions of the large intestine?

Back 65

houses bacterial flora that keep the GI tract healthy, absolves water and electrolytes, and forms and expels feels