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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Plumbism
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lead poisoning
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Argyria
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silver poioning => gray discoloration of skin/conjunctivae
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Bilirubin is a breakdown product of
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heme
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Hemosidierin is made up of
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iron bound to ferritin. Physiologic stores in tissue mphage of bone marrow, liver, spleen
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What is hemosiderosis? What is the more severe version?
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hemosiderin accumulation, mostly w/in mphages w/o tissue damage. Hemochromatosis: more hemosiderin accumulation, w/in parenchyma => tissue damage/scarring/dysfunction
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What gene is mutated in hereditary hemochromatosis
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HFE
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What are the manifestations of hemochromatosis
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Bronze Diabetes. 1) Iron accumulates in pancreas => diabetes. 2) liver => cirrhosis 3) skin (w/melanin?) => skim pigmentation. Also endocrine organs => hypogonadism. Px: age 40 w/ impotenence or amenhorrea. Death: cirrohosis, arrhythmia, restrictive cardiomyopathy. Transferrin saturation increased, TIBC dec.
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MCC 2° hemochromatosis
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multiple blood transfusions in pt w/ hereditary hemolytic anemias (e.g. ß thalassemia)
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2 types of pathologic calcifications
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metastatic and dystrophic
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what is the cause of metastatic calcification
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hypercalcemia
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causes of hypercalcemia?
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1) hyperparathyroidism 2) osteolytic tumor => Ca and P release 3) hypervitaminosis D 4) increased Ca ingestion (milk alkali syndrome => nephrocalcinosis + nephrolithiasis)
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what is dystrophic calcificaiton?
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calcification of previoulsy damaged tissue (old trauma, tuberculosis lesions, scarred heart valves, atherosclerotic lesions). Not caused by hypercalcemia.
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Kernig's sign. What is it, what is it a sign of
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Passive knee extension elicits neck pain. Meningitis.
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Brudzinkski's sign. What's it? What is it a sign of?
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Passive neck flexion elicits bilateral hip flexion. Meningitis.
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