Ward

Front 1

(mm) strong, quick, discontinuous voluntary

Back 1

Skeletol

Front 2

(mm) strong, quick, continuous, involuntary

Back 2

Cardiac

Front 3

(mm) weak, slow, involuntary

Back 3

Smooth

Front 4

Footballs in bubblegum

Back 4

smooth

Front 5

Striated, intercalated discs, central nuclei

Back 5

cardiac

Front 6

H & E stained muscle fibers have dark....

Back 6

A bands

Front 7

H & E stained muscle fibers have light...

Back 7

I bands

Front 8

Striated, peripheral nuclei

Back 8

Skeletol

Front 9

Where does skeletal muscle of the body come from?

Back 9

Somite -> Dermatome + myotome

Front 10

Where does skeletal muscle of the head come from?

Back 10

Neural crest

Front 11

Sometimes muscles will not form where they normally do, this is what

Back 11

mm agenesis

Front 12

Absence of pectoralis minor & some major in

Back 12

Poland syndrome

Front 13

Absence of abdominal muscles and severe kidney problems in

Back 13

Prune belly syndrome

Front 14

Dorsal muscle mass ->

Back 14

extensors

Front 15

Anterior muscle mass ->

Back 15

flexors

Front 16

Limb bones come from

Back 16

lateral plate mesoderm

Front 17

innervates most flexors in the forearm (originating from medial epicondyle), the muscles of the thenar emminence, and the first two lumbricals

Back 17

median nerve

Front 18

Cutaneous innervation covers the anterior palm digits 1, 2, 3,and ½ of 4

Back 18

median nerve

Front 19

In what 3 places can there be Compression of the brachial plexus and axillary vessels

Back 19

Elevated first rib
Compression by clavicle
Pectoralis minor pulling coracoid process of scapula inferiorly

Front 20

innervates two muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm, the flexor carpi ulnaris, and the ulnar head of the flexor digitorum profundus. The ulnar nerve also innervates most intrinsic muscles of the hand.

Back 20

ulnar nerve

Front 21

what two mm's of the forearm does the ulnar nerve inervate?

Back 21

flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar head of the flexor digitorum profundus

Front 22

Travels through medial epicondyle (nerve)

Back 22

ulnar

Front 23

Cutaneous innervation covers the anterior and posterior surfaces of ½ of the 4th digit and all of the 5th

Back 23

ulnar nerve

Front 24

innervates the muscles of anterior compartment of the arm. Flexes elbow

Back 24

musculocutaneous nerve

Front 25

Cutaneous innervation covers the lateral forearm.

Back 25

musculocutaneous nerve

Front 26

innervates deltoid & teres minor muscles. Flexes, extends & abducts shoulder

Back 26

axillary nerve

Front 27

innervates the arm’s posterior compartment, containing the triceps muscles. Extends elbow.

Back 27

radial nerve

Front 28

what two joints are not radial nerve

Back 28

pip and dip

Front 29

innervates all extensors of the wrist, hand, & digits as well as the anconius and supinator muscles

Back 29

radial nerve

Front 30

A injury to the brachial plexus caused by the superior trunk getting torn or stretched.

Back 30

Erb-Duchenne Palsy

Front 31

Erb-Duchenne Palsy affects what mm's?

Back 31

nerve to the subclavius, suprascapular, axillary and musculocutaneous nerves

Front 32

Injury to the inferior parts of the brachial plexus, typically the inferior trunk.

Back 32

Klumpke Paralysis

Front 33

innervates the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fascia lata. Abducts the lower limb and resists pelvic tilt during normal gait.

Back 33

superior gluteal nerve

Front 34

innervates the gluteus maximus, which extends the hip when climbing stairs, getting up from a chair, etc.

Back 34

inferior gluteal nerve

Front 35

Injury to which gluteal nerve causes leg swinging

Back 35

inferior gluteal

Front 36

injury to which gluteal nerve causes Trendelenberg gait

Back 36

superior gluteal nerve

Front 37

These muscles flex the hip and extend the knee (in abdomen)

Back 37

psoas and iliacus muscles

Front 38

innervates the muscles of the anterior thigh and also psoas and iliacus mm's

Back 38

femoral nerve

Front 39

sensation from the medial thigh, leg, and heel

Back 39

femoral

Front 40

sensation of the femoral nerve is via what?

Back 40

saphenous nerve

Front 41

innervates the adductor muscles in medial compartment of the thigh

Back 41

obturator nerve

Front 42

cutaneous innervation of medial thigh

Back 42

obturator nerve

Front 43

composed of the bundled tibial & common fibular nerves

Back 43

sciatic nerve

Front 44

innervates hamstring muscles

Back 44

tibial nerve

Front 45

these mm's extend the hip and flex the knee

Back 45

hamstring muscles

Front 46

innervates the short head of the biceps femoris

Back 46

common fibular nerve

Front 47

This helps to flex the knee (in thigh)

Back 47

short head of the biceps femoris

Front 48

also innervates the muscles of the deep and superficial posterior compartments of the leg

Back 48

tibial

Front 49

Plantar flexion and inversion of the ankle

Back 49

muscles of the deep and superficial posterior compartments of the leg

Front 50

contributes to the sural nerve which innervates overlying skin

Back 50

tibial

Front 51

The tibial nerve ends as

Back 51

medial and lateral plantar nerves

Front 52

These innervate the plantar muscles and the overlying skin

Back 52

medial and lateral plantar nerves

Front 53

innervates the lateral compartment of the leg and muscles on the dorsum of the foot

Back 53

superficial fibular

Front 54

It everts the ankle and is sensory to the dorsum of the foot.

Back 54

superficial fibular

Front 55

innervates the muscles of the leg’s anterior compartment

Back 55

deep fibular nerve

Front 56

Primarily dorsiflexes the ankle and extends the toes. Innervates the web of skin between the first and second toes

Back 56

deep fibular nerve

Front 57

Slow-twitch
Oxidative metabolism
Resistant to fatigue
Slower myosin ATPase

Back 57

Type 1 mm fiber

Front 58

color of type 1 fiber

Back 58

red

Front 59

Function primarily in postural muscles, paraspinal & limb muscles.
(fiber)

Back 59

type 1

Front 60

Fast-twitch for rapid movement
Glycolytic metabolism
Easily fatigued
Precise actions
Quicker myosin ATPase

Back 60

type 2

Front 61

color of type 2

Back 61

white

Front 62

Found in extraocular muscles but also mixed with slow twitch fibers in limb & paravertebral muscles

Back 62

type 2

Front 63

Normal muscle tone is controlled by

Back 63

mm spindle fibers

Front 64

They provide information regarding degree of muscle tension and adjust tone to prevent injury

Back 64

mm spindle fibers

Front 65

Stretching a muscle also stretches muscle spindle fibers inside. They signal the spinal cord to

Back 65

increase tone to the stretched muscle

Front 66

When Golgi Tendon Organs fire, they signal the spinal cord to

Back 66

decrease tone to agonist muscles

Front 67

increased reflexes

Back 67

upper motor neuron lesions

Front 68

decreased reflexes

Back 68

lower motor neuron lesions

Front 69

increased tone

Back 69

upper motor neuron

Front 70

The interface between a motor nerve axon & the muscle it innervates is the

Back 70

motor end plate

Front 71

The Ach is removed from the synaptic space by

Back 71

acetylcholinesterase

Front 72

binds the Tn complex to tropomyosin

Back 72

Tn-T

Front 73

inhibits the binding of actin to myosin

Back 73

Tn-I

Front 74

calcium binding subunit

Back 74

Tn-C

Front 75

encircles the Z disc of each sarcomere and connects them to the sarcolemma

Back 75

desmin

Front 76

Muscular Dystrophy is due to mutation of

Back 76

dystrophin protein

Front 77

No functional dystrophin gene is present in cells.
Early onset (pre-teen)
Severe progression to early death

Back 77

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Front 78

Slightly functional dystrophin is made.
Later onset (usually occurs in early 20’s)
Symptoms less severe but ultimately fatal

Back 78

Beckers muscular dystrophy

Front 79

attach periosteum into bone

Back 79

Sharpey's fibers (type I collagen)

Front 80

Dense, outer layer of bone
Immediately deep to periosteum

Back 80

compact bone

Front 81

Forms a trabecular mesh in the interior

Back 81

spony bone

Front 82

Flattened cells on inner layer of periosteum & cells lining marrow cavity. Become osteoblasts

Back 82

Osteoprogenitor cells

Front 83

Secretes collagen, ground substance & osteoid (unmineralized bone). Cuboidal/polygonal in shape - found as single cells in regions where bone is being formed

Back 83

osteoblast

Front 84

Osteoblasts that become surrounded by osteoid and bone are

Back 84

osteocytes

Front 85

Bone is not only laid down, but also re-absorbed. This is done by

Back 85

osteoclasts

Front 86

depression in bone created by osteoclast

Back 86

howship's lacuna

Front 87

Ears, epiglottis, trachea

Back 87

elastic cart

Front 88

IV discs, pubic symphysis

Back 88

fibrocart

Front 89

these are fractures involving the growth plates before they fuse to the metaphysis

Back 89

Salter-Harris fractures