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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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TEST QUESTION
Common cold Hallmark symptom: |
Nasal discharge
*Rhinorrhea* Coryza Or nasal obstruction |
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viruses that cause the common cold
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40% Rhinovirus (100 serotypes)
20% Coronavirus (3 serotypes) 40% Unidentified virus |
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MOST COMMON ILLNESS WORLDWIDE
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Common cold
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Rhinovirus spread by aerosol, direct contact, and indirect contact involving objects with virus-contaminated respiratory ______.
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secretions
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Incubation period of common cold
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: 1-5 days (Mean = 2)
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TEST QUESTION
what grade of fever accompanies common cold |
no fever
(fever > or = 101.5 F) |
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Diagnosis of common cold
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history and physical examination:
Nasal erythema, congestion on exam Lack of other findings Rule out Strep Pharyngitis Rapid strep test, results in 2 minutes Throat culture, results in 3-5 days |
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TEST QUESTION
Treatment of the common cold |
Symptomatic treatment
1) Acetaminophen (Tylenol) – personal use 2) Alpha agonists help with nasal congestion a- Topical: Oxymetazoline (Afrin) nasal spray B.I.D. for 3 days maximum (Rebound effect) b- Oral: Phenylephrine, Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) Antihistamines, not indicated (Sleep aid?) |
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TEST QUESTION
why not give children aspirin? |
Avoid Aspirin in children: Reye’s syndrome
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Causitive organism of pharyngitis
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15-30% Group A, Beta-hemolytic Streptococci (Streptococcus Pyogenes)
20% Rhinovirus >5% Coronavirus 5% Adenovirus 5% Group C, Beta-hemolytic Streptococci |
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If rapid strep test is postitive, what do you do?
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treat strep
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If rapid strep test is negative, what do you do?
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confirm with throat culture
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Gold standard of strep testing
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throat culture
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Object of pharyngitis treatment
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To prevent complications
Peritonsillar abscess Rheumatic Fever Glomerulonephritis |
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TEST QUESTION
one reason there are multiresistant organisms |
AGGRESSIVE TREATMENT of pharyngitis PHILOSOPHY IS LEADING TO MULTIRESISTANT ORGANISMS
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Strep Phayrngitis treatment
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1) Penicillin G Benzanthine 1.2 Million Units Intramuscularly – once
2) Nearly any oral antibiotic 3) Amoxicillin 500mg T.I.D. for 10 days 4) Azithromycin (Zithromax) 500mg then 250mg daily for 4 days |
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Pros and cons of Penicillin G Benzanthine treatment
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Pro: Only agent shown to reduce rate of Rheumatic Fever
Pro: One time dose Con: LARGE needle, buttock injection, pain |
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Pros and cons of oral antibiotic treatment
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Pro: Preferred route by most
Pro: Cheap agents Con: Need to complete 10 day therapy Con: May need to refrigerate liquid prep. |
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TEST QUESTION
Acute Inflammation of bronchial tubes |
Acute Bronchitis
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TEST QUESTION
Etiology typically viral initially but can get bacterial overgrowth. Smokers more likely to have bacterial. which one? |
Hemophillus Influenza
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treatment of H. Influenza
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macrolides (azith/zithro)
fluoroquinolones (levafloxacin/levaquin) |
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Treatment of viral cause of acute bronchitis
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symptomatic
bronchodilator mucolytic/anti-tussive rest, fluids, avoiding irritants, quit smoking |
