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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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RBC
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Red Blood Count
4.7-6.1 (M) 4.2-5.4 (F) millions/uL |
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HgB
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hemoglobin
14-18 (M) 12-16 (F) g/dL |
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HCT
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hematocrit
42-52 (M) 37-47 (F) % |
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MCV
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mean cell volume
80-96 fL (1X10^-15 L) |
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MCH
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mean cell hemoglobin
(average weight of Hb/cell) 27-31 picograms |
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MCHC
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mean cell Hb concentration
33-37 g/dL |
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RDW
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red cell distribution width
11.5-14.5 % |
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How do RBC vary based on age?
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Red cells are highest at birth (RBC, Hb, Hct)
30% are Hb F At 3 months Hb F decreases to normal level (2%) Number of red cells remains stable until puberty, then male values exceed female Nubmer of red cells does not decrease as part of aging |
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Hemoglobin
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how much hemoglobin (in grams) is in one deciliter of blood
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Hematocrit
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Tells you the volume of packed red blood cells in a given volume of whole blood
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what is the numerical relationship between hemoglobin and hematocrit?
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hematocrit = 3 x hemoglobin
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RDW
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-Red cell distribution width
-how varied the sizes of the red cells are -cv of mcv |
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reticulocyte count
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percentage of reticulocytes circuling in the blood
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does a reticulocyte count come with CBC?
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NO
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Why is methylene blue used in reticulocyte count?
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methylene blue identifies the precipitated RNA
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How do you recognize lead toxicity be looking at RBCs?
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basophilic stippling
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Low MCV
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1. Iron deficiency anemia
2. Hemoglobinopathies (sickle cell, thalassemias, etc) 3. Anemia of chronic disease 4. Copper deficiency 5. Lead poisoning (decreased heme synthesis) |
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schistocyte
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helmet cell
- DIC - TTP |
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Acanthocyte
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thorn cell
- liver disease - atrifact (from poor preparation of the slide) |
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Target Cells
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1. Result of redundant red cell membrane/ decreased cell volume
2. Hemoglobinopathies/thalassemias 3. Iron deficiency anemia 4. Drug-induced hemolytic anemia 5. Liver disease |
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Rouleaux
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RBCs abnormally adhere to each other due to increased immunoglobulin production
-Multiple myeloma, plasma cell leukemia, infection -Artifact |
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Howell Jolly Bodies
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-Remants of nuclear chromatin normally removed by the spleen
-Seen in surgically or functionally asplenic patients and patients on dialysis |
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Spherocytes
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no central pallor
seen in hereditary spherocytosis |
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What are the 2 most common sites of bone marrow production in adults?
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Hip pelvic bone
Sternum |
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What are the steps to electrophoresis of hemoglobin?
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1. lyse red cells
2. separate out Hb 3. apply it to the gel 4. apply a current |
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What proteins are in serum?
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Albumin (main component)
Microglobulins -Alpha 1 (alpha 1 antitrypsin), Alpha 2 -Beta 1, Beta 2 (predicts change in immunoglobulin production; used to assess disease activity of multiple myeloma) -Immunoglobulins: IgG, M, A, >>>E, D |
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Electrophoresis
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-Use to separate and quantitate serum protein including hemoglobin
-Separates different proteins based upon their phsical and chemical properties -Mobility of protein depends on molecular weight and charge |
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Basic panel
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Sodium
Potassium Chloride CO2 BUN Creatinine Glucose Calcium |
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Comprehensive Panel
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Sodium
Potassium Chloride CO2 BUN Creatinine Glucose Calcium Total Protein Albumin AST ALT Alkaline Phosphatase Total Bilirubin |
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What do we do with the core?
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use it to determine cellularity
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What do we do with the bone marrow aspirate?
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Flow Cytometery (to help with cell lineage)
Cytogenetics (must be when cells are in metaphase) Fish |
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Blast Cells
Bone Marrow Aspirate |
<5
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Promyelocytes
Bone Marrow Aspirate |
3.6 - 13.0
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Neutrophil Myelocytes
Bone Marrow Aspirate |
4.0 - 20.0
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Metamyelocytes
Bone Marrow Aspirate |
1.0 - 7.0
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Neutrophils
Bone Marrow Aspirate |
Male: 20.0 - 46.0
Female: 30.0 - 47.0 |
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Eosinophils
Bone Marrow Aspirate |
0.4 - 4.0
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Basophils
Bone Marrow Aspirate |
<1.0
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Monocytes
Bone Marrow Aspirate |
0.0 - 3.2
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Erythroblasts
Bone Marrow Aspirate |
Male: 18.0 - 40.0
Female: 14.0 - 30.0 |
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Lymphocytes
Bone Marrow Aspirate |
5.0 - 20.0
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Plasma Cells
Bone Marrow Aspirate |
0.0 - 1.4
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What is in a white cell differential
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Neutrophils
Bands Lymphs Monos Eos Basos Other |
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What is the mnemonic for a differential (largest percentage to smallest)?
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Never let men eat bologna.
Neutrophils, Lymphs, Monos, Eos, Basos |
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Basophilic Stippling
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Punctate basophilic precipitation of undegraded RNA
A sign of ineffective hematopoiesis Seen in lead toxicity |
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PICC
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Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter
inserted in the basophilic vein tip is in the superior vena cava/right atrium border DONT PUT IN RIGHT ATRIUM --> could trigger arrythmia |
