W1D1 - Embryology - Respiratory System

Front 1

Epithelium of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs is entirely of _______ origin.

Back 1

endodermal

Front 2

The cartilaginous, muscular, and connective tissue components of the trachea and lungs are derived from _______ mesoderm surrounding the foregut

Back 2

splanchnic

Front 3

The lung bud and foregut are initially in open communication, what structure ruins this and closes them off from eachother?

Back 3

The tracheoesophageal ridges - when they fuse they form: tracheoesophageal septum, the foregut is divided into a dorsal portion, the esophagus, and a ventral portion, the trachea and lung buds

Front 4

T/F the respiratory primordium maintains its communication with the pharynx through the laryngeal orifice.

Back 4

True

Front 5

The internal lining of the larynx originates from the _____, but the cartilages and muscles originate from teh mesenchyme of the ____ and ___- pharyngeal ARCHES.

Back 5

endoderm; 4th and 6th

Front 6

What are the muscles of the larynx supplied by?

Back 6

the sup. and recurrant laryngeal n.
superior laryngeal: to 4th
recurrent laryngeal: 6th pharyngeal arch

Front 7

betwen the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches there is and T-shaped orifice called:

Back 7

laryngeal; 4th arch - epiglottal swelling - epiglottis
6th arch - arytenoid swelling - arytenoid cartilages, thryoid, and cricoid cartilages

Front 8

The embryonic origin of the lung bud is?

Back 8

endoderm

Front 9

The lung buds first form what structures that gives rise to what structureS?

Back 9

lung bud -> primary bronchial buds -> Secondary bronchial buds (3R, 2L - lobes) -> Tertiary BronCHI (bronchopulmonary segments) -> Terminal broncHIOLES (smaller than 5 mm in diameter) -> Respiratory bronchioles (terminal sacs > alveoli)

Front 10

The mesoderm, which covers the outsides of the lung, develops into the ________ pleura.

Back 10

visceral

Front 11

The somatic mesoderm layer, covering the body wall from the inside, becomes the ___ pleura.

Back 11

parietal

Front 12

The space between the parietal and visceral pleura is the ________ _____.

Back 12

pleural cavity

Front 13

Branching is regulated by epithelial - mesenchymal interaction between the ____ of the lung buds and the _ mesdoerm that surrounds them.

Back 13

endoderm, splanchnic

Front 14

During development of the Terminal sacs of the respiratory bronchioles what type of epithelium are they?

Back 14

simple cuboidal epithelium in developing lung

Front 15

What type of epithelium is the terminal sacs after 7months? (mature alveoli)

Back 15

simple squamous (alveoli) - underwent squamization during 7th month - need greater surface area for gas exchange.

Front 16

What is the purpose of the fluid found within the pleural cavity/

Back 16

fluid creates tension between layers and hold lungs to the walls (keeps lungs from collapsing) like suction.

Front 17

At 7th months during lung maturation squamization occurs in the alveoli - two types are made, what are they?

Back 17

Type I and Type II

Front 18

what is Type I reponsible for and how many are there??

Back 18

97% of alveoli are this kind.
it is engaged in gas exchange

Front 19

What is type II responsible for and how common is it?

Back 19

known as pneumocytes; produce surfactant - to reduce tension in liquid, play ritical role in survival of 'premie' babies

Front 20

Surfactant is a "wetting agent" the ___-(reduces/increases) the surface tension of a liquid

Back 20

reduces

Front 21

What is the effect of surfactant in relation to a newborn infant?

Back 21

when the first breath of air is taken in and the alveoli expand surfactant forms a layer on the surface of remainig fluid and keeps it from collapsing during the exhale.

Front 22

What is the clinical correlation related to the abnormal division of esophagus and trachea - inability to swallow?

Back 22

esophageal atresia

Front 23

What clinical correlation is when incomplete separation of esophagus from trachea occrus resulting in danger of aspiration of stomach acid into lungs? (usually occurs around bifurcation of of trachea)

Back 23

tracheoesophageal fistula

Front 24

What are the possible complications in an infant with esophageal atresia?

Back 24

Polyhydramnios: when swallow amnionic fluid into gut. excess amount of fluid, causes lots of prob

Front 25

when does the breath cycle first occur?

Back 25

3rd month

Front 26

T/F the remaining alveoli are formed during teh first 10 years of postnatal life through the continous formation of new primitive alveoli.

Back 26

true

Front 27

The squamization that occurs occurs because those cells interact with blood ______.

Back 27

capillaries and lymph capillaries; during the 7th month, sufficient numbers of capillaries are present to guarantee adequate gas exchange, and the premature infant is able to survive.

Front 28

What makes up the blood-air barrier?

Back 28

the intimiate contact between epithelial and endothelial cells in the alveoli and capillary netwrok of the lungs.