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57 Cards in this Set
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Mountain range west of Coastal Plain from Newfoundland to Alabama over 400 million yrs. old
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What are the Appalachian Mnts?
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Ancient tree covered mountains with rounded tops;
Appalchian Trail extends 2,160 square miles |
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A large grassland with few trees rising from Central Lowlands to Rocky Mtns. Used to grow crops & raise cattle
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What are the Great Plains?
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Rises some 4000 ft. from C. Lowlands
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Covers most of Greenland, curves around Hudson Bay, and reaches the U.S. along the Great Lakes.
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What is the Canadian Shield or Laurentian Plateau?
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topography ranges from flat plains, hills & lakes to high mnts. & forests. Rich in minerals like iron, gold, copper, silver & uranium.
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High, rugged, heavily forested ranges west of Great Plains from Canada to U.S.A.; younger @ 80M yrs.
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What are the Rocky Mnts?
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Young mnts. which have not been worn down by weathering & time.
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A chain of 5 lakes between Canada and U.S.A. formed by glacial activity of the Ice Age.
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What are the Great Lakes?
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H.O.M.E.S. = Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, & Superior
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Canada's longest river flowing through the Northwest Territories to the Arctic Ocean.
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What is the Mackenzie River?
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Extend Northwest from Great Slave Lake by Mackenzie Mtns. to Beaufort Sea.
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Permanently frozen ground.
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What is Permafrost?
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typical of polar regions
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Winds that blow from west to east in the middle of the latitudes affecting Pacific Coast.
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What are Prevailing Westerlies?
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Bring in moisture from the Pacific Ocean moderating the climate
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A huge swampland covering some 4000 square miles in the southern tip of Florida w/ tropical wet & dry climate
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What are the Everglades?
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a natural game refuge for waterfowl
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People who move from place to place as hunter-gatherers
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What are Nomads?
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nomads today are Aborigines, Inuits, and tribes of the Sahara
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A land bridge that once connected Siberia & Alaska during the Ice Age
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What is Beringia?
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Provided the means for people and animals to migrate to North America
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A deep water ship route completed in the 1950's as a joint project between U.S. & Canada.
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What is the St.Lawrence Seaway?
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Connects the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean.
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Sections of waterway or Canal with closed gates wher water levels are raised or lowered helping ships to sail into the industrial & agricultural heartland of America
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What is a Lock?
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Key part of a Canal which raises & lowers ships to various sea levels.
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The number of live births per thousand population
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What is the Birthrate?
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2000: highest birthrate = Niger @ 54/1000 people
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The average number of children a woman of childbearing age would have in her lifetime, if she had children at the current rate for her country.
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What is the Fertility Rate?
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F.R. of 2.1 = replacement rate; worldwide average = 3.0
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The number of deaths per thousand people
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What is the Mortality Rate?
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Healthy Society = low mortality rate
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Number of infant deaths under age 1 per thousand live births.
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What is the Infant-Mortality Rate?
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correlates with countries development ( poverty, famine, war, disease, etc.}
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Birthrate minus mortality rate = ________
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What is the Rate of Natural Increase?
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Also called the Population Growth Rate
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A graphic device that shows sex and age distribution of a population;allows geographers to examine how events in society affect the population of country/region
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What is a Population Pyramid?
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Ex. wars, famine & epidemics
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Those reasons causing people to migrate to another region from their homeland.
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what are Push - Pull Factors?
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Ex.Push = Environmental conditions, persecution / ethnic & religious reasons;
pull = economics, jobs, good climate, safety etc. |
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The average number of people who live in a measureable area, like per square mile
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What is Population Density?
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can be affected by topography of land
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The number of organisms a piece of land can support
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What is Carrying Capacity?
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Increases with fertile land and better technology
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An independent unit that occupies a specific territory & has full control of its internal & external affairs
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What is a State?
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Also called Territories in Canada.
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A group of people with a common culture living in a territory and having a strong sense of unity.
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What is a Nation?
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territory occupied by a Federation or tribe Ex. Native Americans
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When a nation & state occupy the same area.
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What is a Nation-State?
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Ex. Palestinians, Kurdish & Basques
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Citizens hold political power, either directly or through elected representatives.
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What is a Democracy?
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Ex. United States of America
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A ruling family headed by a king or queen who holds political power and may/may not share power w/ citizens
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What is a Monarchy?
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Ex. United Kingdom or Saudi Arabia
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An individual/group holds complete political power.
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What is a Dictatorship?
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Ex. North Korea, Afghanistan
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A government & economic system in which nearly all political power & means of production are held by the government in the name of all the people.
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What is Communism?
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Ex. China, North Korea
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A country surrounded by land with no direct outlet to the sea.
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What is Landlocked?
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Ex. Mongolia, Paraguay
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The study of how people use space in cities.
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What is Urban Geography?
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Studies land use design.
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Areas with large populations that are centers of business and culture and if capital - government
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What are Cities?
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Ex. Atlanta, Chicago , Baltimore, etc.
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Political units touching the borders of the central city/touching other suburbs of a city.
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What are Suburbs?
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Ex. Alpharetta, Stone Mountain, etc. ; Exurbs are separated from city by open land.
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A city, its suburbs, & exurbs linked together economically to form a ____________ area.
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What is a Metropolitan Area?
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Ex. Atlanta, Chicago, Baltimore, etc.
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Forms when several metropolitan areas grow together.
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What is a Megalopolis?
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Ex. Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, & Washington, D.C.
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People migrating to cities to find work causes growth in city & suburbs
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What is Urbanization?
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Migration from rural area to city.
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Includes single-family housing and apartment buildings.
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What is Residential?
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Located outside the Central Business District
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Land reserved for manufacturing goods
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What is Industrial?
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Usually factories are located in a particular area outside the city
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The core of a city where business offices & stores, government & expensive housing may be found.
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What is Central Business District? (CBD)
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Nucleus of city planning
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The production & exchange of goods and services among a group of people.
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What is Economy?
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Ex. Traditional,Market, Command, Mixed
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The ways people produce and exchange goods & services.
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What is an Economic System?
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Varies with type of government
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Goods and services are traded w/o exhanging money "barter"
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What is a Traditional Economy?
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ex. Exchanging raw materials for food surplus
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Production of goods & services determined by a Central Government; also may be owner of the means of production (factories)
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What is a Command Economy?
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ex. found in Socialist & Communist countries
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Production of goods and services are determined by consumers demand
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What is a Market Economy?
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Also called " demand economy" or "capitalism"
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A combination of command & market economies provides goods & services so that all people will benefit.
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What is a Mixed Economy?
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Canada has socialized medicine but also a market economy regarding retail products
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Gathering raw materials such as timber/minerals for immediate use or to use in making a finished product
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What are Primary Activities?
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Loggers cut trees and sell them to lumber mills
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Activities that add value to materials by changing their form.
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What are Secondary Activities?
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turning lumber into furniture or housing
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Activities that provide business or professional services.
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What are Tertiary Activities?
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sales people, teachers, & doctors
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Activities that provide information, management, & research services by highly-trained personnel
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What are Quaternary Activities?
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Ex. Chief Executive Officer or Superintendent of Schools
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Materials on/in Earth - trees, fish, coal which have economic value.
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What are Natural Resources?
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May be renewable, nonrenewable, or inexhaustible.
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Materials that can be replaced through natural processes
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What is Renewable?
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trees, soil, water.
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Materials that cannot be replaced once they are removed from the ground
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What is Nonrenewable?
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Ex. metals, nonmetals, fossil fuels, water
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Sources of energy that are not finite
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What are Inexhaustible Energy Sources?
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Ex. sunlight, geothermal heat, winds, tides.
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The basic support systems needed to keep an economy going, including power, sanitation, communication, transportation, water, & education
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What is Infrastructure?
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required to be a developed country
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The average amount of money earned by each person in a political unit
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What is Per Capita Income?
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Increases with development of country
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The total value of all goods & services produced by a country over a year/other specified time period
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What is the GNP/ Gross National Product?
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The statistical measure of an economy domestic & foreign
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The total value of all goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time
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What is the GDP / Gross Domestic Product?
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Statistical measure of an economy at home (domestic)
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