Vtt 250 Introduction To Hematology And Erythrocytes

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3 TYPES OF GRANULOCYTES

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NEUTROPHILS
EOSINOPHILS
BASOPHILS

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2 TYPES OF AGRANULOCYTES

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LYMPHOCYTES
MONOCYTES

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THROMBOCYTES

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PLATELETS

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FLUID COMPONENT OF BLOOD

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PLASMA

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COMPONENTS OF PLASMA

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WATER
PROTEINS
DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES (ELECTROLYTES, PROTEINS, NUTRIENTS, WASTES)

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3 WASTE PRODUCTS OF BLOOD

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C02
UREA
NITROGEN

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They circulate in the blood of mammals and are involved in hemostasis, leading to the formation of blood clots.

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PLATELETS

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BLOOD/ PLASMA IN BALANCE

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HEMEOSTASIS

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RBC LOW/ PLASMA HIGH

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HEMODILUTION

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RBC HIGH/ PLASMA LOW

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HEMOCONCENTRATION

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NORMAL BLOOD CONCENTRATION LEVEL
BLOOD PH (ACID/ BASE BALANCE)

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PH 7.35-7.45

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GENERAL TERM FOR ALL PRODUCTION OF BLOOD CELLS

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HEMATOPOIESIS

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PLACE WHERE HEMATOPOIESIS TAKES PLACE- BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION
-FOUND IN ALL BONES OF THE YOUNG DUE TO HIGH DEMAND OF RBC's NEEDED FOR GROWTH
-LOCATED AT THE ENDS OF THE LONG AND FLAT BONES

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RED BONE MARROW

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COMPOSED OF YELLOW FAT CELLS THAT REPLACE THE ACTIVE RED MARROW AS THE ANIMAL MATURES AND THE DEMAND FOR RBC's DECREASES

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YELLOW BONE MARROW

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PROCESS OF CREATING MATURE RED BLOOD CELLS (ERYTHROCYTES)

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ERYTHROPOIESIS

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HORMONE PRODUCED IN THE KIDNEYS IN ADULT ANIMALS RESPONSIBLE FOR STIMULUS OF RBC DEVELOPMENT
-RELEASED WHEN HYPOXIA (LOW O2 LEVELS) ARE DETECTED

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ERYTHROPOIETIN

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STAGES OF MATURATION OF RED BLOOD CELL (ERTHROPOIESIS)******

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RUBRIBLAST
PRORUBRICYTE
REBRICYTE
METARUBRICYTE
POLYCHROMATOPHIL (RETICULOCYTE)
HOWELL-JOLLY CELL
MATURE RBC

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EACH RUBRIBLAST CAN PRODUCE ______ RETICULOCYTES??

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16-32

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IMMATURE ERTHROCYTE- APPEAR AS LARGE BLUE STAINING CELL WITH USING DIFQUICK

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POLYCHROMATOPHIL (RETICULOCYTE)

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NUCLEATED RED BLOOD CELL
-IMMATURE RBC RELEASED TOO EARLY INTO CIRCULATING BLOOD

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METARUBRICYTE

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CAUSES FOR SEEING METARUBRICYTE (NUCLEATED RED BLOOD CELL) IN CIRCULATION

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ANEMIA

BONE MARROW Dz

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POLYCHROMATIC CELL STAINED WITH NEW METHYLENE BLUE SO THE NUCLEAR FRAGMENTS CAN BE SEEN

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RETICULOCYTE

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DAMAGED (HAVING LOST CHARACTER, VIABILITY, OR STRENGTH

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EFFETE

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RBC LACKING COLOR, APPEAR LIKE GHOST CELLS

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HYPOCHROMIC

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INTENSE BLUE STAINING RBC OFTEN SEEN WHEN RETICULOCYTES ARE PRESENT

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HYPERCHROMIC

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VARIATION IN RED BLOOD CELL SIZE

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ANISOCYTOSIS

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LARGE RED BLOOD CELLS - USUALLY SEEN IN YOUNG

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MACROCYTOSIS

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SMALL RED BLOOD CELLS

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MICROCYTOSIS

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IRREGULAR SHAPED RED BLOOD CELLS

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POIKILOCYTOSIS

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pathological activation of coagulation (blood clotting) mechanisms that happens in response to a variety of diseases

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DIC= DISSMINATED INTROVASCULAR COAGULOPATHY

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ALSO CALLED BURR CELLS**
-CONTAIN MULTIPLE ROUNDED EDGE PROTRUSIONS (SPICULATED CELLS)
-OCCURS WITH METABOLIC DISORDERS

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ECHINOCYTES

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BLISTER CELLS- HELMET SHAPED***
-OFTEN SEEN WITH OXIDATIVE INJURY OR IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

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KERATOCYTES

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HAPPY FACE RBC SHAPE RESULTS FROM MEMBRANE DEFECTS- MAY BE PRESENT IN HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

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STOMATOCYTES

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MYCOPLASMA HAEMOFELIS
-CAUSES FELINE INFECTIOUS ANEMIA IN CATS
-RARE IN DOGS
COCCI-LIKE INCLUSIONS OF PERIPHERY OF RBC MEMBRANE

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HEMOBART

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TEARDROP SHAPED HOLES/ INCLUSIONS IN RBC
-ALSO CALLED TEXAS FEVER- AFFECTS CATTLE AND RARELY HORSES

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BABESIA

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ALSO CALLED BURR CELLS**
-CONTAIN MULTIPLE ROUNDED EDGE PROTRUSIONS (SPICULATED CELLS)
-OCCURS WITH METABOLIC DISORDERS

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ECHINOCYTES

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BLISTER CELLS- HELMET SHAPED***
-OFTEN SEEN WITH OXIDATIVE INJURY OR IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

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KERATOCYTES

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HAPPY FACE RBC SHAPE RESULTS FROM MEMBRANE DEFECTS- MAY BE PRESENT IN HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

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STOMATOCYTES

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MYCOPLASMA HAEMOFELIS
-CAUSES FELINE INFECTIOUS ANEMIA IN CATS
-RARE IN DOGS
COCCI-LIKE INCLUSIONS OF PERIPHERY OF RBC MEMBRANE

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HEMOBART

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TEARDROP SHAPED HOLES/ INCLUSIONS IN RBC
-ALSO CALLED TEXAS FEVER- AFFECTS CATTLE AND RARELY HORSES

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BABESIA

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WHAT IS THE VECTOR FOR BABESIA (TEXAS FEVER)?

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TICKS

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SIMILAIR TO HOWELL-JOLLY BODIES- CAUSES ANEMIA AND ANAPLASMOSIS IN CATTLE

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ANAPLASMA MARGINALE

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SMALL IRREGULAR RING SHAPES IN RBC AND LYMPHOCYTES IN CATS
-CAUSES HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

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CYTAUXZOON FELIS

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TWO TYPES OF ANEMIA

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BLOOD LOSS ANEMIA

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

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TYPE OF REGENERATIVE ANEMIA WHERE RBC's ARE LOST DUE TO EXTERNAL BLEEDING
-IRON IS LOST FROM THE BODY AND IS NEEDED FOR HEMOGLOBIN SYNTHESIS

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BLOOD LOSS/ HEMORRHAGIC

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IMHA

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IMMUNE MEDIATED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

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IMHA

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IMMUNE MEDIATED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

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IMHA

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IMMUNE MEDIATED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

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IMHA

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IMMUNE MEDIATED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

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TYPE OF REGENERATIVE ANEMIA WITH ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES FORM ON THE RBC AND ARE KILLED OFF BY THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
-MARKED POLYCHROMASIA, ANISOCYTOSIS, "SPEROCYTES"

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IMMUNE MEDIATED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

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IMHA

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IMMUNE MEDIATED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

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TYPE OF REGENERATIVE ANEMIA WITH ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES FORM ON THE RBC AND ARE KILLED OFF BY THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
-MARKED POLYCHROMASIA, ANISOCYTOSIS, "SPEROCYTES"

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IMMUNE MEDIATED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

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TYPE OF REGENERATIVE ANEMIA WITH ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES FORM ON THE RBC AND ARE KILLED OFF BY THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
-MARKED POLYCHROMASIA, ANISOCYTOSIS, "SPEROCYTES"

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IMMUNE MEDIATED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

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TYPE OF REGENERATIVE ANEMIA WITH RBC LIFESPAN REDUCTION THROUGH INTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS
- CAN BE NON-DIAGNOSTIC IN CATS

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HEINZ BODY HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

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TYPE OF REGENERATIVE ANEMIA WITH RBC LIFESPAN REDUCTION THROUGH INTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS
- CAN BE NON-DIAGNOSTIC IN CATS

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HEINZ BODY HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

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TYPES OF NON-REGENERATIVE ANEMIA

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MATURATION DEFECT

HYPROPROLIFERATIVE

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TYPE OF NON-REGENERATIVE ANEMIA- WITH ACQUIRED BONE MARROW ABNORMALITIES
FeLV
IRON DEFICIENCY

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MATURATION DEFECT

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MOST COMMON NON-REGENERATIVE ANEMIA
-INFLAMMATORY DISEASE
-DECREASED EPO ERTHROPOIETIN
-MARROW TOXICITY

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HYPOPROLIFERATIVE

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TYPE OF POLYCYTHEMIA WITH ELEVATE TOTAL PROTEIN, RBC COUNT, AND HEMATOCRIT
-LOSS OF FLUID FROM CIRCULATING BLOOD
-DEHYDRATION

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RELATIVE

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TYPE OF POLYCYTHEMIA- INCREASED RBC's
"POLYCTYTHEMIA VERA"
-RARE BONE MARROW DISORDER- WITH EXPANDED RBC PRODUCTION IN THE MARROW

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ABSOLUTE- PRIMARY

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BONE MARROW DISORDER

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MYEOLOPROLIFERATIVE

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INDICATES THE MEAN VOLUME FOR A GROUP OF RBC's

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MCV (MEAN CORPUSCULAR VOLUME)

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INDICATED THE HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION IN THE AVERAGE RBC

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MCHC (MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION)