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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Function of the Kidneys:
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Function of the Kidneys:
Filters blood and removes waste products of metabolism (urine). Maintains blood pressure, hydration, and RBC formation through erythropoietin secretion |
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Normal Daily Urine Output:
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Normal Daily Urine Output:
20-45ml/kg/day |
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Difference Between Male and Female Urethras:
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Difference Between Male and Female Urethras:
Females is a short and males is long |
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Signs of Dehydration:
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Signs of Dehydration:
results in increased skin turgar, eyes slightly sunken in, prolonged CRT and dry MM |
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Unique Structure of Birds:
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Unique Structure of Birds:
Birds do not urinate only release wastes with defecation through one fistula |
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Nephron
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Nephron
Functional and structural unit of kidney, including renal corpuscle and tubule. Each kidney contains 1 million. |
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Uresis
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Uresis
Normal passage of urine |
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Urethra
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Urethra
Tube from bladder through pelvic cavity |
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Cystitis
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Cystitis
Bladder inflammation |
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Nephritis
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Nephritis
Inflammation of the kidneys |
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Anuria
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Anuria
Lack of urine excretion |
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Azotemia
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Azotemia
Presence of urea or other nitrogenous elements in the blood |
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Dysuria
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Dysuria
Painful / difficult urination |
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Hematuria
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Hematuria
presence of blood in the urine |
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Glucosuria
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Glucosuria
presence of glucose in the urine |
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Incontinence
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Incontinence
inability to control urination |
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Nephrolith
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Nephrolith
kidney stone |
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Nephrosis
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Nephrosis
Kidney disease |
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Oliguria
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Oliguria
urinating small amounts |
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Pollakiruia
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Pollakiruia
Frequent urination |
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Polyuria
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Polyuria
abnormally large quantities of urine output |
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Pyelonephritis
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Pyelonephritis
disease of the kidney pelvis |
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Pyuria
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Pyuria
pus in the urine |
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Urolithiasis
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Urolithiasis
stones in urinary tract |
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cystotomy
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cystotomy
incision into the bladder |
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urethrostomy
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urethrostomy
creating an opening into the passage of the urethra to relieve stricture (more permanent) |
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urethrotomy
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urethrotomy
cutting urethra to relieve stricture |
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cystogram
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cystogram
x-ray study of the bladder |
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cystography
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cystography
x-ray of the bladder using contrast medium |
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catheterization
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catheterization
obtaining urine under sterile conditions by inserting a catheter through the urethra into the bladder |
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cystocentesis
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cystocentesis
obtaining under sterile conditions by inserting a needle directly into the bladder |
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free catch sample
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free catch sample
obtaining voided urine under non-sterile conditions |
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Polyestrous
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Polyestrous
two or more estral cycles in a breeding season. (bovine) |
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Seasonally Polyestrous
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Seasonally Polyestrous
Animals that have more than one estrous cycles during a specific time of the year such as spring, summer, and fall. (mares, ewes, and does) |
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Diestrous
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Diestrous
Diestrous animals normally only cycle twice during a calendar season (dogs) |
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Anestrous
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Anestrous
Is the non occurrence of estrus so that the female is not sexually perceptive at any time (the period of sexual activity) |
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Multiparous
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Multiparous
Is an animal that can produce two or more offspring at one birth. A cat who is in estrus may have swollen genitalia, vaginal discharge, may hold its tail to one side, may elevate its hindquarters, may be more affectionate, may roll on the floor, and may vocalize, |
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Ovulation
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Ovulation
Is the release of eggs from the ovaries |
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Induced ovulators
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Induced ovulators
Are animals in which ovulation begins by coitus artificial induction by hormonal treatment |
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Bitch
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Bitch
An intact unaltered female dog. |
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Bitch Gestation Period:
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Bitch Gestation Period:
60 - 65 days and are not induced ovulators |
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When dogs enter puberty:
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When dogs enter puberty:
5 - 6 months |
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Queen
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Queen
Is an intact/unaltered female cat |
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Cat Gestation Period:
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Cat Gestation Period:
60-65 days |
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When cats begin puberty:
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When cats begin puberty:
6-12 months |
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Cow
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Cow
Is an unaltered female bovine. Cows have a gestation period of 265 - 280 days |
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Mare
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Mare
Is an unaltered female equine. Gestation is 325-350 days |
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Doe Rabbit
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Doe Rabbit
Is an intact female rabbit. The normal gestation period for a doe rabbit is 29-35 days. |
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Sow
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Sow
Is an unaltered female pig with a gestation of 114 days |
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Caprine
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Caprine
Pertaining to goats a female goat is termed a doe. gestation period of 142-152 days |
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Prepuce
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Prepuce
Is the clinical term for the sheath surrounding the male animals penile glands (penis) |
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Orchiectomy
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Orchiectomy
Is the clinical term for surgical removal of the testes. Orchiectomy on dogs is done making the incision pre scrotally, and in cats the incision is made scrotally. |
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Cryptorchidism
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Cryptorchidism
Is the condition in which either one or both testicles are retained within the abdominal cavity, and they never naturally descend into the scrotal sac. |
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Heifer
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Heifer
A young cow under a year that had not been bred |
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Balanitis
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Balanitis
Yellow or greenish discharge coming outside the prepuce |
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Pyometra
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Pyometra
Is the condition in which the uterus is filled with pus due to a severe infection |
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OVH
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OVH
Stands for ovariohysterectomy |
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amniotic sac
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amniotic sac
Is the name of the sac that surrounds the developing fetus in the womb. The amniotic sac is filled with amniotic fluid |
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Embryo
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Embryo
Is the developing offspring in the first trimester of pregnancy (a new organism in the earliest stage of development) |
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Pseudocyesis
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Pseudocyesis
Development of all signs of pregnancy without the presence of an embryo (false pregnancy) |
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Brucella
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Brucella
A genus of gram negative rods in several species, is considered a sexually transmitted disease, and may cause abortions and can also subsequently cause infertility. |
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Cloaca
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Cloaca
is the structure of the avian and reptilian species that is common to the urinary, digestive, and reproduction systems and vitally important to the egg laying process. |
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Colostrum
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Colostrum
Is the first milk produced after parturition, what makes this milk is vague is that it contains antibodies that are passed to young in order to sustain passive immunity. |
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Doxapram
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Doxapram
Is an injectable respiratory stimulant that can be placed on the tongue of a newborn who is dyspenic in order to encourage breathing |
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Three stages of labor:
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Three stages of labor:
Dilation Expulsion Placenta Expulsion |
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KMR
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KMR
Kitten milk replacement, and is intended to replace the nutrients of the mothers milk if the infant won't nurse, or if the mother has rejected or abandoned the infant |
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Oviparous
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Egg layers
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Ovoviviparous
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Ovoviviparous
produce eggs that develop and hatch within the body without receiving nourishment from it (live young) |
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Eclampsia
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Eclampsia
hypocalcemia (milk fever) |
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Seasonally polyestrous
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Seasonally polyestrous
has several estrous cycles during each calendar season, spring, summer, or fall. (queens, mares, and cows) |
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Monoestrous
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Monoestrous
Only one estrous cycle per breeding season (bitches) |
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Rabbits estrous:
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Rabbits estrous:
no true estrous cycle, sexually receptive every 4-6 days, and an induced ovulator |
