Chapter 3: Anatomy Of The Cell

Front 1

autolysis

Back 1

The self-digestion of tissues or cells by enzymes that are released by their own lysosomes.

Front 2

basal body

Back 2

A pair of tubular structures, each of which is composed of nine microtubules surrounding another pair of microtubules. They act as the base of cilia and flagella.

Front 3

caveolae

Back 3

Tiny imprints in the plasma membrane of vertebrate cells, especially endothelial and fat cells, which are believed to start endocytosis, oncogenesis, and the formation of plaque in blood vessels. They may also play a role in the uptake of pathogenic bacteria and certain viruses.

Front 4

cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)

Back 4

Glycoproteins that help in the bonding of cells and the movement of cells past one another.

Front 5

centriole

Back 5

Tubular organelle composed of nine triplets of microtubules that aids in the process of cell division.

Front 6

cilia

Back 6

Hairlike fibers that move fluid across the cell.

Front 7

cristae

Back 7

Folds within the mitochondria that increase ATP output by increasing surface area.

Front 8

cytoskeleton

Back 8

The internal structure which helps keep the cell’s shape. Composed of microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments.

Front 9

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Back 9

Series of channels that run from the cell nucleus to the exterior cell membrane. Rough ER is the site for protein synthesis, and smooth ER is the site for lipid synthesis.

Front 10

flagella

Back 10

Propels cells through liquid. Primary source of motility in sperm.

Front 11

fluid mosaic

Back 11

Constantly changing pattern of proteins and fluid between the two sides of the liquid bilayer.

Front 12

globular protein

Back 12

Complex protein bearing a spherical shape.

Front 13

glyolipid

Back 13

Compound composed of a carbo and a fatty acid together.

Front 14

Golgi apparatus

Back 14

Located near nucleus, looks like sacs that are stacked and flattened at the ends. Involved in the synthesis of glycoproteins, lipoproteins, and enzymes.

Front 15

histone

Back 15

Globular protein found in the cell nucleus that connects with nucleic acid to form nucleoproteins. Act as regulators of gene activity.

Front 16

inclusion

Back 16

Temporary component of a cell that is lifeless, having been brought into the cell by phagocytosis.

Front 17

integral protein

Back 17

Proteins located within the lipid bilayer that create channels that aid the selective permeability of the cell membrane.

Front 18

intermediary fiber

Back 18

Fibers specialized to the cell in which they are contained. Composed of tough protein fibers that help to reinforce the cell.

Front 19

ligand

Back 19

Small molecules that bond to larger chemical groups or molecules.

Front 20

lysosomes

Back 20

Fights pathogens, repairs damaged tissues, and aids in intracellular digestion.

Front 21

matrix

Back 21

The intercellular material of connective tissue.

Front 22

membrane receptor

Back 22

Integral proteins and glycoproteins that form binding sites.

Front 23

microfilament

Back 23

Found in most cells, composed mostly of actin.

Front 24

microtrabeculae

Back 24

Component of the cytoskeleton thought to add form, support, and substance to cell's inner anatomy.

Front 25

myofibril

Back 25

Fiberlike structures that occupy most of the cytoplasm (sarcoplasm) in skeletal muscle cells.

Front 26

nucleoli

Back 26

Contained within the nucleus, site of ribosomal RNA synthesis.

Front 27

osteocyte

Back 27

Mature bone cell. Located in the matrix of bone called lacunae.

Front 28

peripheral protein

Back 28

Proteins located on inside of cell's lipid bilayer that have enzymatic capabilities. Less mobile than integral proteins because they are attached to the cytoskeleton.

Front 29

peroxisome

Back 29

Single-membraned vesicle that detoxifies the body. Large amounts in the kidney and liver cells of most vertebrate animals.

Front 30

prion

Back 30

Small, protein-based particle that is infectious and resilient, but not a living pathogen.

Front 31

proteasome

Back 31

Found in the nucleus and cytoplasm; breaks down individual proteins no longer needed by the cell.

Front 32

rafts

Back 32

Free-floating lipid rafts found in the plasmalemma and the membranes of the Golgi apparatus and lysosomes. Serve as construction site for signalling molecules.

Front 33

scrapie

Back 33

Contagious and fatal disease caused by prions, occurring in sheep and goats. Incubation period is 2 years before symptoms appear. Eventually leads to prolonged illness and death.

Front 34

tonofilaments

Back 34

Provide structural support for certain membrane junctions. Especially important in tissue that needs to flex.

Front 35

vault

Back 35

Small transport structure that shuttles molecules to and from the nucleus.