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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Drugs that end in -pril
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ACE inhibitors
- hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, MI -Contra: pregnancy, renal failure, bilat renal stenosis, angioedema |
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Drugs that end in -artan
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ATII antagonists
Hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, HF, MI, stroke prevention Contra: bilat renal artery stenosis pregnancy |
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Nesiritide
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B-Type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Acutely decompensated heart failure Contra: cardiogenic shock, systolic BP <90 |
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drugs that end in -vaptan
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Vasopressin receptor 2 antagonists
- euvolemic hyponatremia, SIADH, HF, cirrhotic ascites, autosomal dominant polycystic disease Contra: concurrent use of potent P450 3A4 inhibitors, hypovolemic hyponatremia |
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acetazolamide
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carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
High altitude sickness, HF, epilepsy, glaucoma Contra: adrenal gland failure, chronic angle closure glaucoma, cirrhosis, hyponatremia/hypokalemia, hyperchloremic acidosis, hypochoremic acidosis, severe hepatic/ renal disease Asprin use can result in CNS toxicity; may generate mild to moderate metabolic acidosis |
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Mannitol
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Osmotic diuretic
Cerebral edema, increased intraoccular pressure, prophylaxis of oliguria in acute renal failure Contra: anuria, severe dehydration, HF, pulmonary congestion, renal dysfunction after initiation of mannitol |
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drugs that end in mide, nide, or ethacrynic acid
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Loop diuretics
Hypertension, acute pulmonary edema, edema due to CHF, hepatic cirrhosis, or renal dysfunction, hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia Contra: sensitivity to sulfonomides (except EA), anuria, coadministration w/aminoglycosides increases ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity Furosemide works quickly, bumetanide works best |
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Drugs that end in thiazide + chlorthalidone, metolazone, indapamide
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thiazide diuretics
hypertension, adjunct in edema states due to HF, hepatic cirrhosis, renal dysfunction, corticosteroid and estrogen therapy Contra: anuria, hypersensitivity to sulfonamides, coadministration w/agents that prolong the QT interval hydrochlorothiazide may unmask diabetes |
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Spironolactone and eplerenone
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Potassium sparing diuretics
Hypertension, edema due to HF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, hypokalemia, primary aldosteronism, acne vulgaris (spironolactone), female hirsutism (spironolactone) Contra: anuria, hyperkalemia, acute renal insufficiency |
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amiloride and triamterene
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Potassium sparing diuretics
Hypertension and Liddle syndrome contra: anuria, hyperkalemia, acute renal insufficiency |
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Isosorbide dinitrate
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Short-acting nitro: acute anginal attacks
Long acting: angina, IHD Contra: severe hypotension, shock, MI w/low LV filling pressure; Incrased intracranial pressure, angle closure glaucoma, anginal pain associated w/hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, severe anemia, coadmin. w/phosphodiesterase V inhibitors (sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil) Continuous therapy leads to tolerance |
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Iososorbide 5 mononitrate
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prophylaxis of angina, chronic IHD
Contra: same as isosorbide dinatrate Has longer halflife and better GI absorption than isosorbide dinitrate, nonsusceptible to first pass metabolism by liver, less rebound angina, and greater eficacy at lower doses |
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Nitroglycerine
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short acting spray: short term treatment for anginal attacks
Long acting: prophylaxis of angina, treatment of chronic IHD Intravenous: unstable angina acute HF Contra: same as isosorbide dinitrate + transformal form in pt w/allergy to skin tape, IV in pt w/cardiac tamponade, restrictive cardiomyopathy, or constrictive pericarditis Shorter half life than isosorbide dinitrate, ergotamine may oppose therapy |
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Sodium nitroprusside
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Hypertensive emergencies, severe cardiac failure, ergot alkaloid toxicity
Contra: preexisting hypotension, obstructive valvular disease, HF associated w/reduced peripheral vascular resistance, hepatic or renal failure, optic atrophy, surgery pt w/inadequate cerebral circulation, tobacco amblyopia Related thiocyanate toxicity becomes lethal at serum concentrations of 200 mg/L; coadministration w/thiosulfate reduces toxicity |
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drugs that end in -afil
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phosphodiesterase V inhibitors
erectile dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension Contra: concomitant use of organic nitrate vasodilators Increased risk for non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy Tadalefil has longer elimination half-life than sildenafil and vardenafil |
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drugs that end in -dipine
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Ca2+ channel blockers (dihydropyridines)
Exertional and unstable angina,coronary spasm, hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Raynaud's phenomenon, pre-eclampsia Contra: preexisting hypotension |
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Diltiazem
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Benzothiazepine Ca2+ channel blockers
Prinzmetal's or variant angina or chronic stable angina, hypertension, Afib/Aflutter, paroxysmal suprventricular tachycardia Contra: sick sinus syndrome, second or third degree AV block. supraventricular tachycardia associated w/bipass tract, LV failure, hypotension Depresses SA automaticity and AV conduction velocity; can cause carbamazepine toxicity; avoid concomitant usse of beta blockers |
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Verapamil
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phenylalklalmine Ca2+ blocker
Prinzmetal/unstable angina, hypertension, Afib/Aflutter, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia Contra: same as diltiazem, IV in pt w/ ventricular tachycardia adn pt receiving IV beta blockers |
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Drugs that end in dil or lim
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Potassium channel openers
Severe or refractory hypertension, male pattern alopecia Contra pheochromocytoma Usually used w/beta blocker and diuretic; use w/caution in pt w/impaired renal function following MI or dessecting aortic aneurysm |
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Bosentan
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endothelin receptor antagonist
Severe pulmonary hypertension Contra: pregnancy, concomitant use of cyclosporin A or glyburide Liver function tests monthly |
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Hydralazine
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moderate to severe hypertension, severe HF
Contra: dissecting aortic aneurysm, CAD, mitral valvular rhematic heart disease |
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Alpha methyltyrosine
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Inhibitor of catecholamine synthesis
Pheochromocytoma-associated hypertension Contra: hypersensitivity to the drug Rarely used |
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Reserpin
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Inhibitor of catecholamine
Hypertension Contra: active GI disease, depression, electroshock therapy, renal failure Rarely used due to irreversibility |
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Drugs that START with guan
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Inhibitors of catecholamine storage
Hypertension Contra: MAOI therapy, HF, pheochromocytoma Slow depletion of NE |
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Amphetamine and methylphenidate
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Catecholamine storage inhibitor
ADHD and narcolepsy Contra: advanced cardiovascular disease, MAOI therapy, glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, severe hypertension |
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Pseudoephedrine
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Inhibitors of catecholamine storage
allergic rhinitis, nasal congestion Contra: advanced cardiovascular disease, MAOI therapy, severe hypertension |
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Methoxamine
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alpha 1 agonist
Hypotension, shock Contra: severe hypertension |
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Phenylephrine, oxymetazoline, tetrahydrazoline
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alpha 1 agonists
opthalmic hyperemia, nasal congestion, hypotension Contra: narrow angle glaucoma, severe hypertension or tachycardia Used in visine and afrin |
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Clonidine, guanabenz, guanfacine, methyldopa
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alpha 2 agonist
hypertension, opioid w/drawal (clonidine only), cancer pain (clonidine only) MAO inhibitor therapy, active liver disease (methyldopa) Methyldopa is drug of choice in pregnancy |
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Phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine
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alpha atagonists
pheocytochroma-associated hypertension and sweating Contra: severe hypotension, CAD(phentolamine) |
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Drugs ending in -osin
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Alpha antagonists
hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia Contra: hypersensitivity to the drug |
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Tamsulosin
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alpha antagonist
benign prostatic hyperplasia Contra: hypersensitivity to the drug Greater specificity in SMC of genitourninary tract |
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Yohimbine
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alpha antagonist
organic and psychogenic impotence Contra: chronic inflammation of sexual organs or prostate gland, concurrent use with mood altering drugs, gastric/duodenal ulcers, pregnancy, psychiatric pt, renal/liver disease |
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drugs ending in -olol
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beta antagonists
Hypertension, angina, HF, pheochromocytoma, glaucoma Contra: astmatics, COPD, cardiogenic shock, uncompensated HF, 2nd adn 3rd degree AV block, severe sinus bradycardia Decreased libido possible with proponol |
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Labetalol and carvedilol
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beta antagonists
Hypertension and angina Contra: same as propranolol |
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Pindolol and acebutolol
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beta antagonist
hypertension and angina Contra: same as propranolol |
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Esmolol, metoprolol, atenolol, celiprolol
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beta antagonist
hypertension, angina, HF, thyroid storm (esmolol) Contra: same as propranolol |
