Volume 3

Front 1

which two levers control the dump truck box?

Back 1

PTO-control, and bed control valve

Front 2

if enough personnel are not available to conduct tailgate removal/installation procedures in the field, what is the bare minimum number of people needed and what are their duties?

Back 2

2 - dump truck will be safety spotter, and a forklift operator

Front 3

what can happen if you forget to latch the tailgate before leaving the dump area?

Back 3

material can spill

Front 4

what are the procedures for spreading materials in layers?

Back 4

1. stop where you want to spread

2. place dump truck levers in the right positions

3. raise bed roughly a foot

4. trip tailgate while driving slowly

Front 5

what's the purpose of the safety pin on a pintle hook?

Back 5

prevents pintle hook from opening

Front 6

what is the main reason for inspecting your equipment?

Back 6

to see if it's serviceable

Front 7

when service is needed, who must fill low fluids such as engine oil and coolant?

Back 7

the operator

Front 8

what functions can the front-end loader perform when it's equipped with a multi-purpose bucket?

Back 8

clamshell, dozer, scraper, and scoop-shovel

Front 9

what is the bucker-control lever used for?

Back 9

roll bucket forwards, and backwards

Front 10

what happens when you pull back on the clam-control lever?

Back 10

clamshell opens/closes

Front 11

what are the two transmission controls on the front-end loader?

Back 11

direction, and range

Front 12

when would you operate the front-end loader with the range-control lever in position 1?

Back 12

loading, and excavating

Front 13

when is the front-end loader most efficient?

Back 13

on flat, smooth areas with lots of space

Front 14

why do you never load a truck with the operator sitting in the cab?

Back 14

safety

Front 15

in what position should the bucket be when you start scooping?

Back 15

lowered, level, and flat on the ground

Front 16

when would you use the clamshell configuration?

Back 16

to pick up small piles of materials

Front 17

what two methods do we use for leveling areas with a front-end loader?

Back 17

dozer, and back dragging

Front 18

how can you avoid segregation when stockpiling materials with a front-end loader?

Back 18

build the stockpile in layers

Front 19

what jobs are ideal for using a bulldozer blade with a front-end loader?

Back 19

backfilling ditches, and trenches

Front 20

what is the first step in removing n attachment from the front-end loader?

Back 20

turn off the engine

Front 21

how do you release pressure on the front-end loader's hydraulic lines?

Back 21

pull levers towards you, then away from you

Front 22

normally, what must you do to correctly seat the front-end loader's locking pins?

Back 22

may need to manipulate it

Front 23

how can you operate the loader slowly, while still maintaining full throttle?

Back 23

move the steering controls less

Front 24

how do you move the machine forward and backward?

Back 24

forward - push both controls forward

backward - pull both controls backward

Front 25

how are the skid-steed's auxiliary hydraulics engaged?

Back 25

by a mode switch located on the instrument panel in the operator's cab

Front 26

which way should the impact force be directed when operating the impactor?

Back 26

downward, and slightly toward the loader

Front 27

when do you travel with the bucket facing the top of the slope?

Back 27

when the bucket's full

Front 28

what AF Form must you sign after you complete a pre-inspection?

Back 28

AF Form 1800

Front 29

what makes the dozer's transmission controls simple to operate?

Back 29

it's equipped with a hydrostatic transmission; so one lever controls both speed, and direction

Front 30

how do you position a dozer blade?

Back 30

just high enough to clear and obstructions

Front 31

how do you apply down pressure to the rear-mounted ripper?

Back 31

by working the hydraulic ram between the dozer, and the toolbar, thus using a portion of the dozer weight to increase down pressure

Front 32

what disadvantage do some dozers have with the rear-mounted ripper?

Back 32

it's in place of the drawbar

Front 33

what is the best way to operate the dozer while ripping?

Back 33

low- range / slow - track speed, max teeth

Front 34

what happens if you raise, and lower the blade two or three inches when making a cut?

Back 34

it'll cut uneven surfaces

Front 35

how do you compensate for the up-and-down movement of the front of the dozer?

Back 35

nose up = blade down

nose down = blade up

Front 36

what bulldozing method uses spillage of previous cuts to keep the blade full?

Back 36

slot dozing

Front 37

briefly, how do you remove small trees, and bushes?

Back 37

cut roots, and drive forward

Front 38

what safety aspect must you watch out for when removing trees?

Back 38

dead limbs can damage the cab, or injure you

Front 39

how do you remove a tree that you cannot push over?

Back 39

make 3 cuts

Front 40

why do you not cut the roots on the side in which the tree will fall?

Back 40

the roots help to not let the tree fall on you

Front 41

when removing rocks, what is the next step after you work one corner of the blade under the rock?

Back 41

move forward, and raise the blade

Front 42

when making a side-hill cut, how can you increase dozer productivity?

Back 42

top to bottom, use gravity

Front 43

in what position do you place the blade to cut V-shaped ditches?

Back 43

angle, and tilt

Front 44

in backfilling culverts, when is it okay for the dozer to cross the culvert?

Back 44

when theirs 12" of solid material on top

Front 45

where do you start finishing side slopes when working diagonally to the slope?

Back 45

the bottom

Front 46

why are angle dozers not recommended for use as pushers?

Back 46

not adapted, and lightly constructed. they get damaged doing this type of operation

Front 47

what must the slope of a berm be?

Back 47

sides - 1:1 top - 10:1

Front 48

what is the recommended height of a berm?

Back 48

equal to structure

Front 49

with which type of soil can greater slopes of a berm be sustained?

Back 49

cohesive soils

Front 50

what type f winching operation involves securing the dozer winch line to a structure sufficient enough to hold the dozer on the slope?

Back 50

moving

Front 51

what is the advantage of bringing a water trucker to the job site to clean a dozer?

Back 51

saves time

Front 52

when do you refuel your dozer, and why?

Back 52

end of the day, or when it's less than 3/4 full. this prevents moisture from condensing, and forming water in the fuel tank

Front 53

if the dozer track is too tight, how do you loosen it?

Back 53

loosen, and remove the plug at the front of the track adjuster, and/or cover

Front 54

what types of air filter can you find on dozers?

Back 54

1. the primary [outer] element

2. the secondary [inner] element

Front 55

why is it very important to change the cutting edges on a dozer?

Back 55

dozer blade bases cost thousands of dollars

Front 56

what type of inspection must you complete before operating a grader?

Back 56

pre-inspection

Front 57

what is the function of the scarifier?

Back 57

same as the ripper

Front 58

what factor determines exactly how you set the moldboard?

Back 58

job, and material handled

Front 59

how do you increase the amount of earth you spill off the heel?

Back 59

more angle -> more earth spilled off the heel

Front 60

why is it important to concentrate on both ends of the moldboard?

Back 60

when you change one side, the opposite happens on the other side

Front 61

what happens when you set the blade pitch in the forward position?

Back 61

decreases cutting ability

Front 62

why must you exercise extreme care when removing some of the teeth from the scarifier assembly?

Back 62

the remaining teeth carry the entire load of the operation

Front 63

what are two disadvantages of the ripper?

Back 63

can't grade in the same pass, and it takes longer

Front 64

which way do you lean the front tires when constructing a ditch?

Back 64

lean the top of the front tires in the directions of the flow of the cut

Front 65

what is the purpose of performing a shoulder pickup?

Back 65

move the windrow away from the foreslope of the ditch

Front 66

what happens if you pile up windrows in front of the rear wheels?

Back 66

it affects traction, and grading acceleration

Front 67

what is the purpose of a crown in the road?

Back 67

provide drainage from the centerline toward the road shoulders

Front 68

what is a good technique to use when blue topping?

Back 68

divide it into sections, you'll have a reference

Front 69

what is the purpose of lube?

Back 69

reduce friction

Front 70

where can you find information on proper lube?

Back 70

lube charts [LC], lube guide [LG]

Front 71

what is the best policy to follow when changing cutting edges?

Back 71

don't leave the engine on

Front 72

why should the point of the V-tread on the rear tires touch the ground first?

Back 72

makes the front tires wear longer

Front 73

what are two distinct sections of a scraper?

Back 73

self-loading, and push-type

Front 74

what are the basic operation components of a scraper assembly?

Back 74

bowl, apron, and ejector

Front 75

why is the center cutting edge on the scraper bowl positioned ahead of the two-side pieces?

Back 75

deeper penetration

Front 76

what is the efficient operating range of a typical scraper?

Back 76

roughly 300'

Front 77

what is the purpose of the pre-trip inspection?

Back 77

to ensure the vehicle is safe to drive

Front 78

why should you unit establish checklists, or procedures to follow in case of tractor-trailer combination re-trip inspections?

Back 78

so that every individual inspects the same way everytime

Front 79

where do you begin the pre-trip inspection?

Back 79

the engine

Front 80

what are unacceptable pressure drops during the leak down test?

Back 80

3 - tractor

4 - combo

Front 81

at what pressure will the parking brake valves automatically pop out?

Back 81

roughly 40psi

Front 82

what is the purpose of the fifth wheel?

Back 82

couple trailer, and tractor together

Front 83

how can you be sure the locking handle is in the OPEN position?

Back 83

pull handle until it locks into OPEN position

Front 84

why should you pull out from under the trailer slowly when uncoupling?

Back 84

prevent dropping the weight of the trailer on the landing gear

Front 85

what precaution should you take when parking a trailer on soft ground, or asphalt?

Back 85

always use a board, or some other type of material under the landing gear to prevent sinking

Front 86

what should you do to prevent a car from trying to pass on you right when you're preparing to make a right turn with a tractor-trailer?

Back 86

keep the rear of the tractor-trailer close to the curb

Front 87

if you turn the steering wheel to the right when backing a tractor-trailer, what direction will the rear of the trailer go?

Back 87

left

Front 88

if you must back a trailer up to a loading dock, in which direction [right, or left] should you back the rear of the trailer?

Back 88

back to the left, so you can see where you're going

Front 89

what damage can occur through rough acceleration?

Back 89

premature mechanical damage to the drive train, and coupling

Front 90

if you're driving a tractor-trailer, and have to stop on an incline, what brake system would you use to prevent a rollback?

Back 90

trailer break

Front 91

what can cause jackknifing?

Back 91

sliding/locked wheels

Front 92

what is the appropriate following distance for a 40-foot combination traveling at 55 mph in ideal weather conditions?

Back 92

5 seconds

Front 93

how can you prevent condensation in an airbrake system from freezing, or rusting the system?

Back 93

frequently drain air tanks

Front 94

what function does the retarder serve on the tractor?

Back 94

helps slow you down without using the brakes

Front 95

what could cause a vehicle to be overloaded without the vehicle capacity being reached?

Back 95

improper placement of a concentrated load

Front 96

when loading heavy, and light cargo together, how should you place the cargo on the vehicle?

Back 96

heavy on bottom, light on top

Front 97

if you're hauling drums, or barrels, what's the best way to secure the load if the drums, and barrels are placed on their sides?

Back 97

block, and pyramid them

Front 98

how should long articles projecting four feet or more beyond the rear of the vehicle be marked to warn other motorists?

Back 98

place a red flag at the end of the vehicle

Front 99

what piece of equipment is most likely to be used to load prefabricated landing mats?

Back 99

a forklift

Front 100

what's the purpose of load binders?

Back 100

tighten chains

Front 101

how do you secure the lever on a binder?

Back 101

fasten safety hooks/use safety wire

Front 102

what are three reasons for hauling construction equipment?

Back 102

speed, wear, protect roads, and sodded areas

Front 103

what materials may be used to walk a dozer across a taxiway?

Back 103

tires/thick wide boards

Front 104

if no longer ramp is available, what method can be used to load a dozer on a lowboy?

Back 104

back trailer in a shallow, dry ditch/push a pile of dirt up behind the trailer

Front 105

after a dozer is loaded, where should the blade be positioned?

Back 105

firmly against the trailer in float mode

Front 106

how many chains are needed to secure a 38k lb D-5 dozer to a lowboy trailer?

Back 106

4 chains

Front 107

when hauling a dozer with a blade wider than the trailer, what should you do?

Back 107

display "Danger! Wide load!" on the back of the trailer

Front 108

what are forklift capacities based on?

Back 108

a cube load configuration with the CG at the true center of the cube with standard forks

Front 109

who is allowed to ride on a forklift?

Back 109

operator

Front 110

what type of forklift can you use on unstable surfaces?

Back 110

AT/RT

Front 111

what is the capacity, and maximum load height of a 10k AT forklift?

Back 111

10k lbs, and 10.5'

Front 112

why must you strictly follow the load chart when using boom shooter forklift?

Back 112

the boom shooter forklift has the potential to tip when fully raised

Front 113

how do you move a load with a forklift when you have poor visibility?

Back 113

use a spotter

Front 114

what action[s] do you take when approaching the trailer on a forklift?

Back 114

decrease speed, and begin elevating the load slightly above the trailer

Front 115

why should a standard set of signals be used between helper, and operator instead of signals made up between them?

Back 115

no confusion

Front 116

what minimum distance should a crane, or its load be allowed to work within power lines of 50kV?

Back 116

10'

Front 117

what distance should be allowed for power lines over 50kV?

Back 117

10' + 0.4" every one kV less than 50

Front 118

if your crane has a dielectric boom, where is it mounted?

Back 118

to the boom tip section

Front 119

what are the two main types of load charts on a crane?

Back 119

outrigger, and rubber

Front 120

what does the term radius in feet mean?

Back 120

horizontal distance from the center of the crane to the tip of the boom

Front 121

what is the top speed allowed when transporting a load with the crane?

Back 121

2.5 mph

Front 122

what are the four types of inspection for a crane?

Back 122

1. initial

2. periodic

3. frequent [pre-use]

4. pre-op [daily]

Front 123

what type of inspection must be completed anytime the crane structure has been repaired?

Back 123

initial

Front 124

why is it important to have the crane leveled when lifting a load?

Back 124

it can tip over

Front 125

how do you stop rotation of the hydraulic crane?

Back 125

return control lever to neutral

Front 126

what two movements require accurate control in spotting a load?

Back 126

hoist, and swing

Front 127

how do you position a load if you have to move the crane?

Back 127

lower to ground, reposition crane

Front 128

where do you position the crane boom when attaching the clamshell?

Back 128

in a horizontal position with the boom tip over the clamshell

Front 129

what's the correct way to wind wire rope onto the crane drum?

Back 129

with the reel

Front 130

why should you not use a steel hammer, or pinch bar to move wire rope over the drum?

Back 130

can damage the rope

Front 131

what are the two types of inspections on chain, nylon rope, and wire rope?

Back 131

frequent, and periodic

Front 132

how are chains constructed?

Back 132

links fastened together

Front 133

when chains are stretched under excessive loads, what part of the chain should be the weakest part?

Back 133

hook

Front 134

what's a cold shut used for?

Back 134

fasten together a broken chain

Front 135

how does the AF designate nylon, and wire rope?

Back 135

inches in diameter, and circumference

Front 136

how is wire rope classified?

Back 136

number of strands, number of wires per strand, type of lay, and strand construction

Front 137

how is the strength of wire rope determined?

Back 137

size, grade, and method of fabrication

Front 138

what should you do before storing wire rope?

Back 138

clean/lube it, real it on a spuit, and lay it to size, and length

Front 139

where is the center of gravity on a load?

Back 139

where all the weight is concentrated

Front 140

what will happen if you use the same length sling legs on a load where the weight is distributed unequally?

Back 140

load will tilt when you lift

Front 141

when do you use slings made of chains?

Back 141

where sharp edges of metal are, and hot items

Front 142

why should you carefully determine the sling angle when using a bridle sling?

Back 142

ensure individual legs aren't overloaded

Front 143

what does the rated capacity of any sling depend upon?

Back 143

size, configuration, angles formed

Front 144

what is the most important factor in determining the chain speed on a trencher?

Back 144

type of soil

Front 145

how do you remove an object that is caught in the digging chain of a trencher?

Back 145

stop the operation, place transmission in reverse, and slowly release the clutch

Front 146

what three items do you use to measure the depth of a trench?

Back 146

straight board, carpenter's level, measuring stick

Front 147

which type of stake is set in the ground to show an exact position, or elevation?

Back 147

hub stake

Front 148

when you begin to backfill a trench, where do you position the trencher?

Back 148

parallel to the windrow

Front 149

how much down pressure do you apply to the stabilizers on a backhoe?

Back 149

enough pressure to raise the rear tires off the ground

Front 150

how do you start the diffing cycle with a backhoe?

Back 150

pull dipper toward the machine

Front 151

what is the digging cycle of a backhoe?

Back 151

cut, raise, and swing the material to the side for dumping, repeat

Front 152

when approaching material, how do you position the front bucket on a backhoe?

Back 152

lowered, level, and flat on the ground

Front 153

at what point do you raise the front bucket on the backhoe to unload material?

Back 153

as you approach the stockpile/dump truck

Front 154

what can you do to lessen the weight on the dipper stick when lifting materials?

Back 154

remove the bucket

Front 155

what are the three functions of the rubber-tire excavator?

Back 155

excavator, dozer, and loader

Front 156

what three structural components make up the excavator?

Back 156

boom, dipper, and the bucket

Front 157

how do you avoid penetrating to deep when excavating?

Back 157

slowly raise the boom while the dipper stick goes through the cycle

Front 158

how do you make short turns when excavating in a confined area?

Back 158

push down the front of one pedal while pushing up on the rear of the other pedal

Front 159

why is it important to have a properly planned digging sequence when conducting large excavations?

Back 159

to conveniently work into the clear so you can complete the excavation

Front 160

when operating the impactor attachment, why do you start breaking the pavement close to the defect?

Back 160

it's easier to break

Front 161

what three excavator attachments can greatly increase the versatility of the machine?

Back 161

bucket, impactor, and compactor

Front 162

what must you do to reduce the width of a rubber tire excavator when loading it on a trailer?

Back 162

reverse the wheels

Front 163

what is the purpose of shoring?

Back 163

prevent cave-ins

Front 164

define a competent person?

Back 164

someone who can identify any existing/predictable hazards in the surrounding area that are hazardous/dangerous to workers

Front 165

when can an additional two feet of material be excavated below the bottom of the shoring?

Back 165

only if the system is designed to resist the forces calculated for the full depth of the trench

Front 166

what does an inspector look for when marking daily inspections of the excavation, surrounding area, and the protective system?

Back 166

any evidence/situation that could result in possible cave-ins, failure of the protective system, or any other hazardous conditions

Front 167

what is a leading cause in the collapse of trenches?

Back 167

ground water