Vol 03 Chap 05 - Allergies And Anaphylaxis

Front 1

An exaggerated response by the immune system to a foreign substance.

Back 1

Allergic reaction

Front 2

An unusual or exaggerated allergic reaction to a foreign protein or other substance. Anaphylaxis means the opposite of phylaxis, or protection.

Back 2

Anaphylaxis

Front 3

Any of an order of highly specialized insects such as bees and wasps.

Back 3

Hymenoptera

Front 4

The body system responsible for combating infection.

Back 4

Immune system

Front 5

Complex of events within the body that works toward the destruction or inactivation of pathogens, abnormal cells, or foreign molecules.

Back 5

Immune response

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A disease-producing agent or invading substance.

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Pathogen

Front 7

Any poisonous chemical secreted by bacteria or released following destruction of the bacteria.

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Toxin

Front 8

Immunity resulting from a direct attack of a foreign substance by specialized cells of the immune system.

Back 8

Cellular immunity

Front 9

Immunity resulting from attack of an invading substance by invading substance.

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Humoral immunity

Front 10

Principal agent of a chemical attack of an invading substance.

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Antibody

Front 11

Alternative term for antibody.

Back 11

Immunoglobulin (Ig)

Front 12

Any substance that is capable, under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response.

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Antigen

Front 13

Initial, generalized response to an antigen.

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Primary response

Front 14

Response by the immune system that takes place if the body is exposed to the same antigen again; in secondary response, antibodies specific for the offending antigen are released.

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Secondary response

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Genetically predetermined immunity that is present at birth; also called innate immunity.

Back 15

Natural immunity

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Immunity that develops over time and results from exposure to an antigen.

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Acquired immunity

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Immunity that begins to develop after birth and is continually enhanced by exposure to new pathogens and antigens throughout life.

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Naturally acquired immunity

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Immunity achieved through vaccination given to generate an immune response that results in the development of antibodies specific for the injected antigen; also called artificially acquired immunity.

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Induced active immunity

Front 19

Acquired immunity that occurs following exposure to an antigen and results in the production of antibodies specific for the antigen.

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Active immunity

Front 20

Acquired immunity that results form administration of antibodies either from mother to the infant across the placental barrier (natural passive immunity) or through vaccination (induced passive immunity)

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Passive immunity

Front 21

Initial exposure of a person to an antigen that results in an immune response.

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Sensitization

Front 22

An unexpected and exaggerated reaction to a particular antigen. It is used synonymously with the term allergy.

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Hypersensitivity

Front 23

A hypersensitive state acquired through exposure to a particular allergen.

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Allergy

Front 24

A hypersensitivity reaction that takes place after the elapse of some time following reexposure to an antigen. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions are usually less severe than immediate reactions.

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Delayed hypersensitivity reaction

Front 25

A hypersensitivity reaction that occurs swiftly following reexposure to an antigen. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions are usually more severe than delayed reactions. The swiftest and most severe of such reactions is anaphylaxis.

Back 25

Immediate hypersensitivity reaction

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A substance capable of inducing allergy of specific hypersensitivity. Allergens may be protein or nonprotein, although most are proteins.

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Allergen

Front 27

Type of white blood cell that participates in allergic responses.

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Basophil

Front 28

Specialized cell of the immune system which contains chemicals that assist in the immune response.

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Mast cell

Front 29

A product of mast cells and basophils that causes vasodilation, capillary permeability, bronchoconstriction, and contraction of the gut.

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Histamine

Front 30

Marked edema of the skin that usually involves the head, neck, face, and upper airway; a common manifestation of severe allergic reactions and anaphylaxis.

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Angioneurotic edema

Front 31

Substance release from basophils and mast cells that causes spasm of the bronchiole smooth muscle, resulting in an asthmalike attack and occasionally asphyxia.

Back 31

Slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A)

Front 32

The raised areas, or wheals, that occur on the skin, associated with vasodilation due to histamine release; commonly called "hives."

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Urticaria