Vol 02 Chap 02 - Physical Exam Techniques

Front 1

Physical Examination Techniques

Back 1

- Inspection
- Palpation
- Percussion
- Auscultation

Front 2

The process of informed observation.

Back 2

Inspection

Front 3

Using your sense of touch to gather information.

Back 3

Palpation

Front 4

The production of sound waves by striking one object against another.

Back 4

Percussion

Front 5

Listening with a stethoscope for sounds produced by the body.

Back 5

Auscultation

Front 6

Number of pulses felt in one minute.

Back 6

Pulse rate

Front 7

Pattern and equality of intervals between beats.

Back 7

Pulse rhythm

Front 8

Strength, which can be weak, thready, strong, or bounding.

Back 8

Pulse quality

Front 9

Pulse rate lower than 60.

Back 9

Bradycardia

Front 10

Pulse rate higher than 100.

Back 10

Tachycardia

Front 11

Normal Adult Vital Signs

Back 11

- Pulse rate: 60-100
- Respiratory rate: 12-20
- Systolic blood pressure ranges:
= Male: 100-135
= Female: 90-125 before menopause, 100-135 after menopause
- Body temperature: 98.6 degrees F (37 degrees C)

Front 12

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and at the cellular level.

Back 12

Respiration

Front 13

Number of times patient breathes in one minute.

Back 13

Respiratory rate

Front 14

Rapid breathing.

Back 14

Tachypnea

Front 15

Slow breathing.

Back 15

Bradypnea

Front 16

How hard patient works to breathe.

Back 16

Respiratory effort

Front 17

Depth and pattern of breathing.

Back 17

Quality of respiration

Front 18

Amount of air one breath moves in and out of lungs.

Back 18

Tidal volume

Front 19

Force of blood against arteries' wall as the heart contracts and relaxes.

Back 19

Blood pressure

Front 20

Force of blood against arteries when ventricles contract.

Back 20

Systolic blood pressure

Front 21

Force of blood against arteries when ventricles relax.

Back 21

Diastolic blood pressure

Front 22

Sounds of blood hitting arterial walls.

Back 22

Korotkoff's sounds

Front 23

Passage of blood through an organ or tissue.

Back 23

Perfusion

Front 24

Difference between systolic and diastolic pressures.

Back 24

Pulse pressure

Front 25

Blood pressure higher than normal.

Back 25

Hypertension

Front 26

Blood pressure lower than normal.

Back 26

Hypotension

Front 27

Increase in body's core temperature.

Back 27

Hyperthermia

Front 28

Decrease in body's core temperature.

Back 28

Hypothermia

Front 29

Physical Examination Equipment

Back 29

- Stethoscope
- Sphygmomanometer
- Ophthalmoscope
- Otoscope
- Scale
- Tongue blades
- Penlight
- Visual acuity chart/card
- Reflex hammer
- Thermometer

Front 30

Tool used to auscultate most sounds.

Back 30

Stethoscope

Front 31

Blood pressure measuring device comprising a bulb, a cuff, and a manometer.

Back 31

Sphygmomanometer

Front 32

Pressure gauge with a scale calibrated in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).

Back 32

Manometer

Front 33

Handheld device used to examine interior of eye.

Back 33

Ophthalmoscope

Front 34

Handheld device used to examine interior of ears and nose.

Back 34

Otoscope

Front 35

General Survey

Back 35

- Appearance
- Vital signs
- Additional assessments
= Pulse oximetry
= Capnography
= Cardiac monitoring
= Blood glucose determination

Front 36

Height and weight.

Back 36

Vital statistics

Front 37

A measuring tape for infants that provides important information regarding airway equipment and medication doses based on your patient's length.

Back 37

Broselow tape

Front 38

Noninvasive device that measures the oxygen saturation of blood.

Back 38

Pulse oximeter

Front 39

Real-time measurement of exhaled carbon dioxide concentrations.

Back 39

Capnography

Front 40

A device used in capnography to measure exhaled carbon dioxide concentrations.

Back 40

End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) detector

Front 41

Machine that displays and records the electrical activity of the heart.

Back 41

Cardiac monitor

Front 42

Tool used to measure blood glucose level.

Back 42

Glucometer

Front 43

Anatomical Regions

Back 43

- Skin
- Hair and nails
- Head, eyes,ears, nose, mouth
- Neck
- Chest and lungs
- Abdomen
- Extremities
- Posterior body
- Peripheral vascular
- Neurological

Front 44

Skin Characteristics to Assess

Back 44

- Color
- Moisture
- Temperature
- Texture
- Mobility and turgor
- Lesions

Front 45

Normal tension in the skin.

Back 45

Turgor

Front 46

Any disruption in normal tissue.

Back 46

Lesion

Front 47

Wall chart or handheld card with lines of letters used to test vision

Back 47

Visual acuity wall chart/card

Front 48

Vital Structures in the Neck

Back 48

- Spinal cord
- Carotid arteries
- Jugular veins
- Larynx/trachea
- Esophagus

Front 49

Adventitious Breath Sounds

Back 49

- Crackles
- Wheezes
- Rhonchi
- Stridor
- Pleural rubs

Front 50

Light crackling, popping, nonmusical sounds heard usually during inspiration, all called rales.

Back 50

Crackles

Front 51

Continuous, high-pitched musical sounds similar to a whistle.

Back 51

Wheezes

Front 52

Continuous sounds with a lower pitch and a snoring quality.

Back 52

Rhonchi

Front 53

Predominantly inspiratory wheeze associated with laryngeal obstruction.

Back 53

Stridor

Front 54

The squeaking or grating sound of the pleural linings rubbing together.

Back 54

Pleural friction rub

Front 55

Abnormal clarity of patient's transmitted voice sounds.

Back 55

Bronchophony

Front 56

Abnormal clarity of patient's transmitted whispers.

Back 56

Whispered pectoriloquy

Front 57

Abnormal change in tone of patient's transmitted voice sounds.

Back 57

Egophony

Front 58

Phase of cardiac cycle when ventricles relax.

Back 58

Diastole

Front 59

Phase of cardiac cycle when the ventricles contract.

Back 59

Systole

Front 60

Heart Sounds

Back 60

- S1 - "lub"
- S2 - "dub"
- Split S1 - "la-dub"
- Split S2 - "da-dub"
- S3 - "lub-dub-dee" (Kentucky)
- S4 - "dee-lub-dub" (Tennessee)
- Click
- Snap
- Pericardial friction rub
- Murmur

Front 61

The amount of blood the heart ejects each minute, measured in milliliters.

Back 61

Cardiac output

Front 62

The amount of blood the heart ejects in one beat.

Back 62

Stroke volume

Front 63

Vibration or humming felt when palpating the pulse.

Back 63

Thrill

Front 64

Sound of turbulent blood flow around a partial obstruction.

Back 64

Bruit

Front 65

Discoloration around the umbilicus (occasionally the flanks) suggestive of intra-abdominal hemorrhage.

Back 65

Cullen's sign

Front 66

Discoloration over the flanks suggesting intra-abdominal bleeding.

Back 66

Grey Turner's sign

Front 67

Bulges in the flanks and across the abdomen, indicating edema caused by congestive heart failure.

Back 67

Ascites

Front 68

Loud, prolonged, gurgling bowel sounds indicating hyperperistalsis.

Back 68

Borborygmi

Front 69

Steps in Evaluating Joints

Back 69

1. Inspection
2. Palpation
3. Passive range of motion
4. Range of motion against gravity
5. Range of motion against resistance

Front 70

Crunching sounds of unlubricated parts in joints rubbing against each other.

Back 70

Crepitus (or crepitation)

Front 71

Vertebrae from Head to Tail

Back 71

- Cervical (C1-C7)
- Thoracic (T1-T12)
- Lumbar (L1-L5)
- Sacral (S1-S5, fused in adulthood)
- Coccygeal

Front 72

Depression that results from pressure against skin when pitting edema is present.

Back 72

Pitting

Front 73

Five Areas of Neurologic Exam

Back 73

- Mental status and speech
- Cranial nerves
- Motor system
- Sensory system
- Reflexes

Front 74

Big toe dorsiflexes and the other toes fan out when sole is stimulated.

Back 74

Babinski's response

Front 75

Soap

Back 75

- Subjective
- Objective
- Assessment
- Plan