Voice Disorders Exam 2

Front 1

Roughness, breathiness, asthenia (weakness), and strain are examples of ___________ classifications if no degree or severity is attached to them.

Back 1

Categorical

Front 2

What are the 4 parameters that predict and describe general vocal ability?

Back 2

Functional vocal fitness, vocal effort, vocal fatigue, and voice quality

Front 3

T/F: There is no sound without air movement

Back 3

True

Front 4

__________ is the most direct way to assess muscle activation of the larynx and articulators

Back 4

Electromyography (EMG)

Front 5

Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and Voice Activity and Participation Profile (VAPP) are questionnaires that can be used within a voice evaluation. Which parameter of voice do these questionnaires target?

Back 5

Functional Vocal Fitness

Front 6

Electromyography where a recorded electrode voltage from a muscle is compared to a resting voltage is an example of which scale?

Back 6

Interval Scale

Front 7

Name two differences between instrumented measurements and non-instrumented measurements:

Back 7

a. Instrument measures isolate single aspects of voice while non-instrument measurements can assess multiple features of voice.
b. Instrumented measurements are objective while non-instrumented measurements may involve personal biases.

Front 8

Which of the following is the most direct way to assess muscle activation of the larynx and articulators that is only clinically feasible with medical supervision and laryngological expertise? The most discriminate signals are obtained with bipolar hooked-wire electrodes inserted into the muscles through the skin of the neck.

Back 8

Electromyography (EMG)

Front 9

A pneumotachometer measures slow moving and rapid acoustic airflow at the mouth and nose. How is this done?

Back 9

Wire mesh senses amount of fluid passing between the wires, using a small pressure drop or detecting a temperature change.

Front 10

Which of the following would be an example of a functional vocal fitness questionnaire?

Back 10

VHI & VAPP

Front 11

List the four different types of measurement scales for assessing voice disorders. Give an example(s) of each.

Back 11

a. Categorical – roughness, breathiness, asthenia (weakness), strain
b. Ordinal – mild, moderate, severe
c. Interval – electromyography; electrode voltage from a muscle compared to a resting voltage
d. Ratio – glottal airflow

Front 12

What is vocal hygiene? Define and give two examples of factors that can negatively affect vocal hygiene?

Back 12

Vocal Hygiene is described as non-phonatory behaviors that affect the vocal tract. Examples can include vocal abuse/misuse, smoking, throat clearing, caffeine, dehydration.

Front 13

What attributes does the CAPE-V assess?

Back 13

Overall severity, roughness, breathiness, strain, pitch and loudness

Front 14

Phonation threshold pressure (PTP) measures:

Back 14

Small amplitude sinusoidal vocal fold vibration (pure tone)

Front 15

Lung pressure (air pressure is measured on the _____ scale.

Back 15

Interval scale

Front 16

What are three types of equipment needed for a basic voice research laboratory?

Back 16

Computer, microphone and audio playback, musical keyboard, sound level meter, manometer, vocal range profile, pressure range profile, spectrogram, airflow and tidal volume measurements, flow resistant straws

Front 17

A __________measures lung volume change in respiration

Back 17

Respirometer

Front 18

Match the following examples to the correlating scales:
A - Categorical B - Ordinal C-Ratio D- Interval

Back 18

CATEGORICAL (A): Categorizing vocal quality as roughness, breathiness, and asthenia.
INTERVAL (D): Recorded electrode voltage from a cricothyroid muscle as compared to resting voltage.
ORDINAL (B): Categorizing vocal quality as mild, moderate, and severe.
RATIO (C): Measuring an absence of glottal airflow.

Front 19

True/False: Perceptual phenomena are the gold standard by which instruments must be measured to be valid.

Back 19

True

Front 20

True/False: The shape of the polar plot for an Omnidirectional Microphone’s directional sensitivity can be referred to as “cardioid.”

Back 20

False: this is the shape of a polar plot for a Unidirectional Microphones directional sensitivity. An Omnidirectional Microphone has a circle-shaped directional sensitivity.

Front 21

True/False: The “proximity effect” is an acoustical artifact which emphasizes higher frequencies when the microphone is close to the sound source

Back 21

False: the “proximity effect” emphasizes the lower frequencies.

Front 22

What is now a routine procedure used in voice clinics to measure vocal fold tissue movement

Back 22

Videolaryngoscopy

Front 23

Cost is a huge factor in choosing instrumentation. Which is NOT one of the three other important factors that need to be considered?

Back 23

Author
(Aspects to consider: speed, accuracy, reliability)

Front 24

A severity rating of 'moderate' would fall under which scale?

Back 24

Ordinal

Front 25

A voice evaluation typically begins by obtaining _______

Back 25

General Impressions OR Case History

Front 26

The following instruments are used in a voice clinical setting EXCEPT:

a) Manometers
b) Respirometer
c) Stroboscopu
d) Angiogram

Back 26

D) Angiogram

Front 27

T/F Videolaryngoscopy is a critical tool in a full-service clinic

Back 27

True

Front 28

Roughness, breathiness, asthenia (weakness), and strain are examples of ____________ classifications if no degree or severity is attached to them.

Back 28

Categorical

Front 29

What are the 4 parameters that predict and describe the general vocal ability?

Back 29

Functional vocal fitness, vocal effort, vocal fatigue, and voice quality

Front 30

T/F: There is no sound without air movement.

Back 30

True

Front 31

_____________ is the most direct way to assess muscle activation of the larynx and articulators.

Back 31

Electromygraphy (EMG)

Front 32

Volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled, "below" tidal volume

Back 32

Expiratory reserve volume

Front 33

Volume of air that can be inhaled, "above" tidal volume

Back 33

Inspiratory reserve volume

Front 34

Volume of air inspired/expired during rest breathing

Back 34

Tidal volume

Front 35

Volume of air left after maximal exhalation. Measureable, but not easily so.

Back 35

Residual volume

Front 36

Volume of air enclosed in the respiratory system (RV + ERV + TV + IRV)

Back 36

Total lung capacity

Front 37

Volume of air in the respiratory system at the Resting Expiratory End Level (REL) (RV + ERV)

Back 37

Functional residual capacity

Front 38

Volume of air expressed as TV + IRV

Back 38

Inspiratory capacity

Front 39

Volume of air that can be inhaled/exhaled (IRV + TV + ERV)

Back 39

Vital capacity

Front 40

What is the acoustic equivalent of an x-ray, MRI, or video image in terms of revealing "structure" but relates to time and frequency structure instead of spatial structure?

Back 40

Acoustic spectrogram

Front 41

Nearly periodic with clear harmonic structure

Back 41

Type I

Front 42

Intermittently harmonic with one or more bifurcations

Back 42

Type 2

Front 43

Chaotic with no apparent harmonic structure

Back 43

Type 3

Front 44

Indicate how different items in a group rank in some dimension relative to each other with NO assurance that spacing along dimension of interest is the same.

Back 44

Ordinal Scale

Front 45

The gold standard of assessments that can assess multiple features of voice (pitch, loudness, voice quality, etc) and valid instrumented measures

Back 45

Non-instrumental measurement

Front 46

Differences between values on scale have equal value, throughout scale where “Zero” indicates a true absence of phenomenon of interest.

Back 46

Ratio Scale

Front 47

A self-assessment questionnaire describing the limitation of activities and participation of individuals with voice problems.

Back 47

Voice Activity and Participation Profile (VAPP)

Front 48

A qualitative scale that has two or more categories, but there is no intrinsic ordering to the categories.

Back 48

Categorical Scale

Front 49

Objective measurement often obtained with mechanical or electrical devices.

Back 49

Instrumental Measurement

Front 50

Differences between values on scale have equal value, throughout scale where “Zero” is arbitrary and does not imply a real absence of phenomenon of interest.

Back 50

Interval Scale

Front 51

A universal assessment tool to explain the severity of auditory-perceptual characteristics of a voice problem among all clinicians.

Back 51

CAPE-V

Front 52

TRUE./FALSE A Z-score describes a participant’s performance in terms of the number of standard deviations from the population norm.

Back 52

TRUE

Front 53

TRUE/FALSE A Z-score determines “normal” vs. “abnormal” performance

Back 53

TRUE

Front 54

TRUE/FALSE Generally, a Z-score of ± 5.0 defines the boundary for “normal” behavior.

Back 54

FALSE

Front 55

_____________ is the most direct way to assess muscle activation of the larynx and articulators, especially in conditions such as Muscle Tension Dysphonia.

Back 55

Electromyography (EMG)

Front 56

_____________ is the most direct way to assess muscle activation of the larynx and articulators, especially in conditions such as Muscle Tension Dysphonia.

Back 56

spatial resolution; temporal resolution