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47 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
hertz
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measures frequency/ number or complete vibrations per second
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fundamental frequency of voice/ habitual pitch
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speed at which vocal folds vibrate
men= 130 hz. women= 250 hz kids= 500 hz. |
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optimal pitch level
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suitable pitch level
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monotone
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result of not varying the habitual speaking frequency during speech production
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decibels
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measures the perceptual correlation of intensity of vocal loudness
convo voice= 60 dB |
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notes
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3-6% of school aged kids
3-9% of adults have voice disorders |
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perceptual signs of voice
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pitch, loudnesz, quality, nonphonatory behaviors, and aphonia (the absence of phonation)
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monopitch
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lacks normal inflectional variation and possibly the ability to change pitch voluntarily; caused by neurological impairment, psychiatric disability, or personality
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inappropriate pitch
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judged to be outside the normal range of pitch for age or sex
too high: underdeveloped larynx to low: endocrinological problems (hypothyroidism) |
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pitch breaks
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sudden uncontrolled upward or downward changes in pitch.
common with boy puberty |
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monoloudness
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lacks normal variation of intensity that occur during speech voluntarily
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loudness variations
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extreme variations in vocal intensity in which voice is either to soft or loud for situation
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hoarseness/ roughness of voice quality
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lacks clarity and the voice is noisy.
pathologies that affect vocal fold vibration can result in this quality can temporarily cause vocal fold swelling (edema) |
disorder of vocal quality
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breathiness
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perception of audible air escaping through the glottis during phonation
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disorder of VC
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vocal tremor
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variations of pitch and loudness that are out of voluntary control.
indication of loss of nervous system control over the laryngeal mechanism |
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strain struggle
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behaviors related to initiating and maintaining voice
usually caused by neurological impairment but can he psychological |
disorder of VC
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strider
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noisy breathing or involuntary sound that accompanies inspiration and expiration
blockage of airway |
nonphonatory Vocal disorder
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consistent aphonia
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persistent absence of voice and perceived whispering
may be caused by vocal fold paralysis, psycho problems, or ventral nervous system |
nonphonatory
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episodic aphomia
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uncontrolled, unpredictable aphonic breaks in voice that can last for a fraction of a second or longer
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etiologies of vocal disorders
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vocal misuse or abuse, functional conditions, medical/ physical conditions (organic), and psychological or stress conditions
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vocal nodules
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common vocal fold pathology that is secondary to vocal misuse/abuse. localized growths on vocal folds resulting from frequent, hard vocal collisions that occur
ex. yelling or shouting |
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contact ulcers
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reddened ulcerations that develop on posterior surface of the vocal folds in the regions of the arytenoid carilages.
usually bilateral but can be painful unlike nodules |
can cause cancer; agitation by acid reflux
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vocal polyp
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caused by trauma to vocal folds associated with voice misuse or abuse; develop when blood vessels in folds rupture and swell, developing fluid filled legions
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sessile polyp
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means adhering or attached to vocal fold tissue; can cover up 2/3 of fold
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pedunculated polyp
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Attached to folds by means of a stalk and can be found on the free margins of the vocal folds as well as on the upper and lower surfaces of the folds
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laryngitis
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inflammation of folds due to exposure of noxious agents. smoke, allergies, or vocal abuse
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acute laryngitis
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temporary swelling of folds that can result in hoarseness
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chronic laryngitis
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vocal abuse during acute laryngitis and can lead to deterioration of vocal fold tissue. folds appear thickened, swollen, and reddened because of excessive fluid retention and dilated blood vessels in vocal folds
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hypoadduction
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reduced vocal adduction
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hyperadductuon
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increased vocal adduction
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Parkinson ' s disease
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central nervous system disorder that results in vocal hypoadduction. muscle rigidity, tremor and overall slowness of movement , or hypokenesia,
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unilateral and bilateral vocal fold paralysis
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common hypoadduction disorder from CNS damage
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recurrent branch of vagus (10th cranial nerve)
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is nerve supply for most of the laryngeal muscles associated with voice production
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diplophonia
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vocal folds vibrate at different speeds resulting in the perception of two vocal frequencies
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spasmodic dysphonia (SD)
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hyperadduction of the folds.
occurs equally in men and women around ages 45-50 can be neurological, psychological, or idiopathic (unknown etiology) |
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laryngeal papillomas
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small wart like growths that cover folds and interior aspects of larynx
common in kids |
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congenital laryngeal webbing
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present at birth; form on anterior aspects of folds and can interfere with breathing. must be removed surgically. may produce high-pitched hoarse quality
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laryngeal cancer
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most organic disorder of voice; linked to smoking and alcohol
early signs: persistent hoarseness in absence of cold or allergies |
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esophageal speech
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alaryngeal (no larynx) speakers use esophagus as vibratory source (burping)
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electrolarynx
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has vibrating diaphragm that is placed on lateral aspects of neck
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tracheoesophageal shunt (TEP)
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directs air from trachea into esophagus, allowing the speaker to use respiratory air and a muscle of esophagus for voicr production
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granuloma
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surgical intubation of the larynx (respiratory tube placed between folds)
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conversion disorders
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psychogenic voice disorders that are a result of psychological suppression of emotion; vocal folds ore normal and function normal for non speech behaviors
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psychogenic voice disorders
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when strong emotions are suppressed and turned into physical symptoms
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conversion aphonia
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people whisper to produce voice
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endoscope
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lens couple with a light source. it illuminates the larynx and laryngeal structures are viewed through the lens. biopsies of fold tissue are taken if cancer is suspected.
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vocal hygiene
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fluids, limit caffeine intske, limit alcohol, avoid tobacco, avoid yelling, practice vocal rest
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