Voice Disorders

Front 1

hertz

Back 1

measures frequency/ number or complete vibrations per second

Front 2

fundamental frequency of voice/ habitual pitch

Back 2

speed at which vocal folds vibrate
men= 130 hz.
women= 250 hz
kids= 500 hz.

Front 3

optimal pitch level

Back 3

suitable pitch level

Front 4

monotone

Back 4

result of not varying the habitual speaking frequency during speech production

Front 5

decibels

Back 5

measures the perceptual correlation of intensity of vocal loudness
convo voice= 60 dB

Front 6

notes

Back 6

3-6% of school aged kids
3-9% of adults have voice disorders

Front 7

perceptual signs of voice

Back 7

pitch, loudnesz, quality, nonphonatory behaviors, and aphonia (the absence of phonation)

Front 8

monopitch

Back 8

lacks normal inflectional variation and possibly the ability to change pitch voluntarily; caused by neurological impairment, psychiatric disability, or personality

Front 9

inappropriate pitch

Back 9

judged to be outside the normal range of pitch for age or sex
too high: underdeveloped larynx
to low: endocrinological problems (hypothyroidism)

Front 10

pitch breaks

Back 10

sudden uncontrolled upward or downward changes in pitch.
common with boy puberty

Front 11

monoloudness

Back 11

lacks normal variation of intensity that occur during speech voluntarily

Front 12

loudness variations

Back 12

extreme variations in vocal intensity in which voice is either to soft or loud for situation

Front 13

hoarseness/ roughness of voice quality

Back 13

lacks clarity and the voice is noisy.
pathologies that affect vocal fold vibration can result in this quality
can temporarily cause vocal fold swelling (edema)

Hint 13

disorder of vocal quality

Front 14

breathiness

Back 14

perception of audible air escaping through the glottis during phonation

Hint 14

disorder of VC

Front 15

vocal tremor

Back 15

variations of pitch and loudness that are out of voluntary control.
indication of loss of nervous system control over the laryngeal mechanism

Front 16

strain struggle

Back 16

behaviors related to initiating and maintaining voice
usually caused by neurological impairment but can he psychological

Hint 16

disorder of VC

Front 17

strider

Back 17

noisy breathing or involuntary sound that accompanies inspiration and expiration
blockage of airway

Hint 17

nonphonatory Vocal disorder

Front 18

consistent aphonia

Back 18

persistent absence of voice and perceived whispering
may be caused by vocal fold paralysis, psycho problems, or ventral nervous system

Hint 18

nonphonatory

Front 19

episodic aphomia

Back 19

uncontrolled, unpredictable aphonic breaks in voice that can last for a fraction of a second or longer

Front 20

etiologies of vocal disorders

Back 20

vocal misuse or abuse, functional conditions, medical/ physical conditions (organic), and psychological or stress conditions

Front 21

vocal nodules

Back 21

common vocal fold pathology that is secondary to vocal misuse/abuse. localized growths on vocal folds resulting from frequent, hard vocal collisions that occur
ex. yelling or shouting

Front 22

contact ulcers

Back 22

reddened ulcerations that develop on posterior surface of the vocal folds in the regions of the arytenoid carilages.
usually bilateral but can be painful unlike nodules

Hint 22

can cause cancer; agitation by acid reflux

Front 23

vocal polyp

Back 23

caused by trauma to vocal folds associated with voice misuse or abuse; develop when blood vessels in folds rupture and swell, developing fluid filled legions

Front 24

sessile polyp

Back 24

means adhering or attached to vocal fold tissue; can cover up 2/3 of fold

Front 25

pedunculated polyp

Back 25

Attached to folds by means of a stalk and can be found on the free margins of the vocal folds as well as on the upper and lower surfaces of the folds

Front 26

laryngitis

Back 26

inflammation of folds due to exposure of noxious agents. smoke, allergies, or vocal abuse

Front 27

acute laryngitis

Back 27

temporary swelling of folds that can result in hoarseness

Front 28

chronic laryngitis

Back 28

vocal abuse during acute laryngitis and can lead to deterioration of vocal fold tissue. folds appear thickened, swollen, and reddened because of excessive fluid retention and dilated blood vessels in vocal folds

Front 29

hypoadduction

Back 29

reduced vocal adduction

Front 30

hyperadductuon

Back 30

increased vocal adduction

Front 31

Parkinson ' s disease

Back 31

central nervous system disorder that results in vocal hypoadduction. muscle rigidity, tremor and overall slowness of movement , or hypokenesia,

Front 32

unilateral and bilateral vocal fold paralysis

Back 32

common hypoadduction disorder from CNS damage

Front 33

recurrent branch of vagus (10th cranial nerve)

Back 33

is nerve supply for most of the laryngeal muscles associated with voice production

Front 34

diplophonia

Back 34

vocal folds vibrate at different speeds resulting in the perception of two vocal frequencies

Front 35

spasmodic dysphonia (SD)

Back 35

hyperadduction of the folds.
occurs equally in men and women around ages 45-50
can be neurological, psychological, or idiopathic (unknown etiology)

Front 36

laryngeal papillomas

Back 36

small wart like growths that cover folds and interior aspects of larynx
common in kids

Front 37

congenital laryngeal webbing

Back 37

present at birth; form on anterior aspects of folds and can interfere with breathing. must be removed surgically. may produce high-pitched hoarse quality

Front 38

laryngeal cancer

Back 38

most organic disorder of voice; linked to smoking and alcohol
early signs: persistent hoarseness in absence of cold or allergies

Front 39

esophageal speech

Back 39

alaryngeal (no larynx) speakers use esophagus as vibratory source (burping)

Front 40

electrolarynx

Back 40

has vibrating diaphragm that is placed on lateral aspects of neck

Front 41

tracheoesophageal shunt (TEP)

Back 41

directs air from trachea into esophagus, allowing the speaker to use respiratory air and a muscle of esophagus for voicr production

Front 42

granuloma

Back 42

surgical intubation of the larynx (respiratory tube placed between folds)

Front 43

conversion disorders

Back 43

psychogenic voice disorders that are a result of psychological suppression of emotion; vocal folds ore normal and function normal for non speech behaviors

Front 44

psychogenic voice disorders

Back 44

when strong emotions are suppressed and turned into physical symptoms

Front 45

conversion aphonia

Back 45

people whisper to produce voice

Front 46

endoscope

Back 46

lens couple with a light source. it illuminates the larynx and laryngeal structures are viewed through the lens. biopsies of fold tissue are taken if cancer is suspected.

Front 47

vocal hygiene

Back 47

fluids, limit caffeine intske, limit alcohol, avoid tobacco, avoid yelling, practice vocal rest