Voice Disorders

Front 1

Vocal Misuse

Back 1

- Reduces phonatory mechanisms ability to work efficiently
- Disrupts coordination of parts

Front 2

Puberphonia

Back 2

A.K.A.
Adolescent falsetto, Pubescent falsetto, Incomplete mutation, Mutational falsetto

- Persistent high pitched voice beyond the age at which the male voice change should have occured

Front 3

Vocal Misuse

Back 3

-Inappropriate pitch (puberphonia, glottal fry, lack of pitch variability

-Excessive talking
(aphonia, dysphonia, ventricular phonation)

- Increase tension and strain
(hard glottal attack, high laryngeal position)

Front 4

Benign lesion

Back 4

Symptom: Hoarseness
Epithelial lesions
Abnormal tissue growth

Examples: leukoplakia, hyperkaratosis (smoking),
papillary keratosis (wart like precancer)

Front 5

Trauma

Back 5

Causes: attempted strangulation, fracture, surgical reconstruction

Front 6

Web

Back 6

Fusing of vocal tissue, almost like a scab from scar tissue

Front 7

Ventricular phonation

Back 7

- Misuse
- the false vocal folds have bulked up over true vocal folds b/c of bulky vocal folds

Symptoms: normal symmetry, reduced amplitude, reduced mucosal wave

Front 8

Edema

Back 8

-Fluid- like buildup retention, swelling related to abuse and smoking

Location: Reinkes space (superficial), bliateral

- greater muscosal wave because of increased mass, decrease stiffness

Tx:
- change diet to lower acid
- hydrate
- voice rest

Pachedema- posterior laryngeal swelling

Front 9

Acoustics of Edema

Back 9

Increased mass=
- lower fundamental frequency
- increased spectral noise
- increase amplitude variability

Front 10

Intracordal Cysts

Back 10

2 Types:
1)retention cyst (hard mucous)
2) epidermoid cyst (firm/round)

Location- on superficial layer of lamina propria(margin of vocal folds)

Symptom: hoarseness

Population affected- Young woman and professional voice users

Appearance: asymmetry, absence of mucosal wave, mass/stiffness affected

Front 11

Sulcus Vocalis

Back 11

Location: superficial layer
-furrow/ groove alond upper medial edge of epithelium

Symptom: hoarseness, diminished vibrational amp, little mucosal wave

Etiology uncertain, possibly abuse, congenital, trauma

Front 12

Sulcus Vocalis laryngoscopic signs

Back 12

- depression along edge of vf
- diminished vibrational amp
- little muscosal wave along vf edge

Front 13

Polyps

Back 13

Polyps form blood supply and may hemmorhage,nodules do not

Location: unilateral

Etiology: traumatic

Simliar to nodule, differences in pathopysiology:
- larger, vasular, inflammatory

Symptoms: hoarsness, deep voice

Front 14

Vocal Nodule

Back 14

Symptoms:
- hoarseness, recurrent
- benign
- blister like
- decreased phonotory onset/ endurance

Location: bilateral, on reinkes space (superficial layer)

Etiology: chronic abuse

Appearance: soft and watery at first, then turn hard

tx: voice therapy

Front 15

Voal nodules pathophysiology

Back 15

- submucosal edema
- hyalinization of reinkes space
- thickening of epithelium
- chronic behavior
- blister soft an water and turn hard