Voice Disorders

Front 1

Medial compression

Back 1

degree to which folds meet @ midline. LCA and Inter arytenoids primarly responsible.

Front 2

Longitudinal tension

Back 2

Tension in vocal folds responsible for pitch changes. Thyroarytenoid and cricothyroid.

Front 3

Myoelastic aerodynamic theory of phonation

Back 3

Myoelastic-certain amount of elasticity in all structures in larynx. Aerodynamic-lungs and airflow must be normal for phonation.

Front 4

Onset of phonation

Back 4

first cycles are abnormal Two phases prephonatory phase, attack phase

Front 5

prephonatory phase

Back 5

mover from rest toward midline(adduction)-no phonation. Duration is variable only ms.

Front 6

Attack phase

Back 6

begin vibration-the relation between adduction and air release from lungs. First cycles of vibration

Front 7

Three vocal attacks

Back 7

simultaneous attack, breathy attack, and hard glottal attack

Front 8

simultaneous attach

Back 8

air release @ same time vocal folds adduct.

Front 9

breath attack

Back 9

air release before adduction/ learned/physical.

Front 10

hard glottal attack

Back 10

vocal folds slammed hard before air stream is released-tension require a lot of air to get through vocal folds.

Front 11

Bernoulli effect

Back 11

begins in attack phase and continued thorugh vibration-moves vocal folds mediall and subglottic pressure blows vocal folds apart.

Front 12

Fundamental freq.

Back 12

rate at which vocal folds open and close per second. Dependent on age, gender, context, and health.

Front 13

Normal range

Back 13

two/three octaves-octave doubling frequency.

Front 14

Vocal folds @ high pitches

Back 14

result in lengthening, narrowing, and only the medial edge will vibrate. high subglottic pressure

Front 15

High subglottic pressure

Back 15

assoc. w/ high pitches

Front 16

Vocal folds@ low pitches

Back 16

result in fat, short, more cover vibration.

Front 17

Vocal folds @ high intensity

Back 17

build up of subglottic pressure and slam together

Front 18

Vocal folds @ low intesity

Back 18

whispering results in a lot of vocal fold tension

Front 19

Male fund freq.

Back 19

111-133

Front 20

female fund freq

Back 20

188-252

Front 21

Larynx of females

Back 21

almost adult size before puberty

Front 22

Larynx of males

Back 22

Grows 2-3 x's as much before puberty than females. More thyroid growth. Growth cause voice to change

Front 23

waivering voice

Back 23

due to less fine motor control

Front 24

Aging respiratory

Back 24

lower respiratory support and less control over airflow all complicated by hearing loss

Front 25

Aging voice changes

Back 25

hoarsness, breathy due to physical and structural changes-epitheal and lamina propria become less elastic.

Front 26

Congenital laryngeal malformation

Back 26

present at birth-result in airway obstructiton-noticeable by strider (noisy inhale/exhale) weak cray/aphonia, hoarse, swallwoing dysphasia.

Front 27

Congenital laryngeal malformation types

Back 27

Vocal fold hemangioma, laryngeal papilloma, laryngomalacia, laryngeal wel, subglottic stenosis, laryngocele, laryngeal cyst, laryngoesophageal cleft.

Front 28

syndrome

Back 28

a group of symtoms and signs which when appearing simultaneous form a definite pattern of a specific condition disease abnormality w/one underlying cause.

Front 29

Vocal fold aging

Back 29

continue to grow into early adulthood @ 35 begin to age. effected by hormonal balance.

Front 30

Vocal fold hemangioma

Back 30

tend to grown and then get smaller-obstruct airway.

Front 31

Laryngeal Papilloma

Back 31

Viral, cauliflower, rapidly growing, may invade larynx, trachea, and bronchi. May grow rapidly until puberty.

Front 32

Laryngomalacia

Back 32

floppy larynx Epiglottis, cunieform, and corniculates not keep airway open especially on inhale. May resolve may need trach.

Front 33

Laryngeal web

Back 33

vocal folds did not separate from one another-range from microweb->complete obstruction.

Front 34

Subglottic stenosis

Back 34

narrowing of area around cricoid 2-3mm below vf 2xs as common in females Limit respiratory support-weak cry 60-80% need trach or dilation

Front 35

Subglottic stenosis treatment

Back 35

Feeding, swallowing, language development

Front 36

laryngocele

Back 36

fluid/air filled sacs. internal/external cause some airway obstruction interfere w/ vf vibration.

Front 37

laryngocele treatment

Back 37

help achieve best voice possible

Front 38

laryngoesophageal cleft

Back 38

rare-no compatible w/ life usually aborted/stillborn. part of another syndrome.

Front 39

Laryngoesophageal treatment

Back 39

Surgery swallowing, feeding, and alt. comm. there will be cognitive and physical impairment because one midline problem indicates others.

Front 40

Jitter

Back 40

associated w/ Down syndrome cycle to cycle variation in time

Front 41

Shimmer

Back 41

associted w/ Down syndrome-cycle to cycle variation in amplitude.

Front 42

Down syndrome voice charaters

Back 42

breathy hoarse lower pitch, decreases phonation time, decrease intonation, shimmer and jitter.

Front 43

Down syndrome

Back 43

Trisomy 21 1 in 500-600 births. large tongue, hypotonia, excessive mucous lining in larynx up to pharynx affect thickness of vf cover.

Front 44

Neurofibromatosis

Back 44

spontaneous mutation, benign tumors anywhere there's nerve, abnormal skin pigment, 1 in 2500 births found in cns small->large tumors

Front 45

Treatment neurofibromatosis

Back 45

surgically remover but can come back

Front 46

Neurofibromatosis voice characters

Back 46

breatyness, hoarsness, monotone, CNX affected->short phonation/duration. May result in swallowing probs and shortness of breath.

Front 47

Cri du chat (cry of the cat)

Back 47

5p chromosome deficiency, kitten mew at birth, distinct facial features, mod->severe cog., diff. in fine motor. Help functionally communicate

Front 48

Cri du Chat voice character

Back 48

abnormal larynx develop, strained voice quality, inhale stridor, cry on inhale,

Front 49

Cleft palate

Back 49

not syndrome, not assoc. w/ cog. defecits. palatal shelves didn not fuse during 9-10 weeks.

Front 50

Cleft palate voice characters

Back 50

may result velopharyngeal disfunction, hypernasal (resonance) excessive larynx tense. hoarseness, breathyness, laryngeal tension, vocal strain, treat as vocal abuse.

Front 51

Microganthia

Back 51

small jaw, characteristic of cri du chat

Front 52

hypotonia

Back 52

low muscle tone cri du chat and DS

Front 53

hypertelorion

Back 53

eyes far apart cri du chat

Front 54

strabisms

Back 54

crossed eyes cri du chat

Front 55

microcephaly

Back 55

small head

Front 56

hypernasality

Back 56

not a voice disorder, resonance disorder

Front 57

FTT

Back 57

failure to thrive-not growing despite adequate nutrition. cri du chat

Front 58

Laryngeal cyst

Back 58

Do not have opening Develop in lamina propria, limit pitch range, limit respiratory support for intensity, breathyness, sugery causes damage to vf.

Front 59

Cri du chat physical

Back 59

micrognathia, hypotonia, microcephaly, hypertelorion, strabisms, FTT, laryngomalacia, may have cleft soft/hard palate ?austistic.