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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cricoid cartilage
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-bottom of larynx
-attached to the upper ring of trachea -shaped like signet ring w/ large part in back |
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thyroid cartilage
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-largest cartilage in the larynx
-encloses the larynx in the front and on sides -composed of two plates which meet in front forming a V (adam's apple) -two horns called SUPERIOR CORNU extend upward from the poster and attach to the hyoid bone -two other horns called INFERIOR CORNU extend downward and attach to the cricoid cartilage below |
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arytenoid cartilages
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-paired cartilages
-shaped like pyramids -mounted on the upper back of the cricoid cartilage -attached to the posterior end of the vocal folds -can rotate and glide in all directions -each has three tips |
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vocal process
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projects forward and attaches to vocal folds
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muscular process
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projects downward and attaches to the muscles which open and close the folds
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cornicular cartilage
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-minor cartilage at top of arytenoid cartilage and serves no real function
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epiglottis
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-shaped like a leaf
-attached to inner surface of front of thyroid cartilage -folds over during swallowing to direct food and liquid into esophagus and away from trachea |
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trachea
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below the larynx
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intrinsic muslces
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-only attachments are inside larynx
-move part of the laryngeal structure |
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vocal folds
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-AKA thyroarytenoids
-origin is inner surface of thyroid notch -point of insertion is vocal processes of arytenoid cartilages -internal thyroarytenoid is known as vocalis. external is further out. -primary muscle for lower tones (AKA heavy mechanism or TA dominant) -about 23 mm in men and 18 mm in women |
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epithelium
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outside surface of vocal folds
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lamina propria
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attaches loosely to epithelium (skin on back of hand)
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glottis
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space between vocal folds
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ventricles of morgagni/false vocal folds
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right above glottis. false vocal folds.
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crico-thyroid muscle
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-origin is front and side of cricoid cartilage
-point of insertion is front of the lower part of the the thyroid cartilage -lengthens and thins cords -direct antagonist to thyro-arytenoids -primary muscle for high tones: CT dom., or light mechanism |
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abductors
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posterior crico-arytenoids
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adductors
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lateral crico-arytenoids - direct antagonists to posterior
inter-arytenoids - form an X from one arytenoid cartilage to the other helping to close them |
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extrinsic muscles
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-at least one attachment outside the larynx
-move the larynx as a whole -provide "elastic scaffolding" for larynx -also called "strap muscles" -divided into laryngeal elevators and depressors |
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laryngeal elevators
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-Thyro-hyoid
-Stylo-pharyngeal -Stylo-hyoid -Stylo-thyroid -mylo-hyoid -genio-glossus -genio-hyoid -digrastic -hyo-thyroid |
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laryngeal depressors
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sterno-hyoid
omo-hyoid sterno-thyroid |
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process of phonation
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-myo-elastic - accomplished by intrinsic muscles
-bernoulli principle |
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bernoulli principle
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-states that if the volume of a fluid or gas remains constant as it passes through a confined area, the energy remains constant; therefore, the relationship between pressure and flow is inversely proportional - if one increases, the other decreases
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"correct" phonation
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-flow of breath sucks the glottis closed
-flow stops until breath pressure blows glottis open -air flow begins again, and cycle is repeated -THIS IS ONE CYCLE |
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Onset (3 kinds)
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ASPIRATE - breath flows before the closing of the folds causing a breathy sound
GLOTTAL - arytenoid cartilages are brought together sharply and extreme breath pressure is used to overcome muscular tension so that a "pop" is heard with the onset BALANCED ONSET - the folds are gently adducted and the breath begins to flow at the same instant, beginning the process |
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Release/offset (3 kinds)
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ASPIRATE - vocal folds are abducted while air continues to flow, so one hears an obvious empty tone [h] before cessation of tone
GLOTTAL - folds are forcefully adducted so tightly that airflow is totally stopped, usually accompanied by a noticeable grunt BALANCED - folds are abducted at the instant the breath stops flowing. result is clean and effortless. |