• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/25

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

25 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Cricoid cartilage
-bottom of larynx
-attached to the upper ring of trachea
-shaped like signet ring w/ large part in back
thyroid cartilage
-largest cartilage in the larynx
-encloses the larynx in the front and on sides
-composed of two plates which meet in front forming a V (adam's apple)
-two horns called SUPERIOR CORNU extend upward from the poster and attach to the hyoid bone
-two other horns called INFERIOR CORNU extend downward and attach to the cricoid cartilage below
arytenoid cartilages
-paired cartilages
-shaped like pyramids
-mounted on the upper back of the cricoid cartilage
-attached to the posterior end of the vocal folds
-can rotate and glide in all directions
-each has three tips
vocal process
projects forward and attaches to vocal folds
muscular process
projects downward and attaches to the muscles which open and close the folds
cornicular cartilage
-minor cartilage at top of arytenoid cartilage and serves no real function
epiglottis
-shaped like a leaf
-attached to inner surface of front of thyroid cartilage
-folds over during swallowing to direct food and liquid into esophagus and away from trachea
trachea
below the larynx
intrinsic muslces
-only attachments are inside larynx
-move part of the laryngeal structure
vocal folds
-AKA thyroarytenoids
-origin is inner surface of thyroid notch
-point of insertion is vocal processes of arytenoid cartilages
-internal thyroarytenoid is known as vocalis. external is further out.
-primary muscle for lower tones (AKA heavy mechanism or TA dominant)
-about 23 mm in men and 18 mm in women
epithelium
outside surface of vocal folds
lamina propria
attaches loosely to epithelium (skin on back of hand)
glottis
space between vocal folds
ventricles of morgagni/false vocal folds
right above glottis. false vocal folds.
crico-thyroid muscle
-origin is front and side of cricoid cartilage
-point of insertion is front of the lower part of the the thyroid cartilage
-lengthens and thins cords
-direct antagonist to thyro-arytenoids
-primary muscle for high tones: CT dom., or light mechanism
abductors
posterior crico-arytenoids
adductors
lateral crico-arytenoids - direct antagonists to posterior
inter-arytenoids - form an X from one arytenoid cartilage to the other helping to close them
extrinsic muscles
-at least one attachment outside the larynx
-move the larynx as a whole
-provide "elastic scaffolding" for larynx
-also called "strap muscles"
-divided into laryngeal elevators and depressors
laryngeal elevators
-Thyro-hyoid
-Stylo-pharyngeal
-Stylo-hyoid
-Stylo-thyroid
-mylo-hyoid
-genio-glossus
-genio-hyoid
-digrastic
-hyo-thyroid
laryngeal depressors
sterno-hyoid
omo-hyoid
sterno-thyroid
process of phonation
-myo-elastic - accomplished by intrinsic muscles
-bernoulli principle
bernoulli principle
-states that if the volume of a fluid or gas remains constant as it passes through a confined area, the energy remains constant; therefore, the relationship between pressure and flow is inversely proportional - if one increases, the other decreases
"correct" phonation
-flow of breath sucks the glottis closed
-flow stops until breath pressure blows glottis open
-air flow begins again, and cycle is repeated
-THIS IS ONE CYCLE
Onset (3 kinds)
ASPIRATE - breath flows before the closing of the folds causing a breathy sound
GLOTTAL - arytenoid cartilages are brought together sharply and extreme breath pressure is used to overcome muscular tension so that a "pop" is heard with the onset
BALANCED ONSET - the folds are gently adducted and the breath begins to flow at the same instant, beginning the process
Release/offset (3 kinds)
ASPIRATE - vocal folds are abducted while air continues to flow, so one hears an obvious empty tone [h] before cessation of tone
GLOTTAL - folds are forcefully adducted so tightly that airflow is totally stopped, usually accompanied by a noticeable grunt
BALANCED - folds are abducted at the instant the breath stops flowing. result is clean and effortless.