Vocabulary Words Behling Composition

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Noun

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One of the four form classes, whose members fill the headword slot in the noun phrase. Most nouns can be inflected for plural and possessive (boy, boys, boy's boys'). Nouns have characteristic derivational endings, such as -ion (action, compensation), -ment (contentment), and -ness (happiness).

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Verb

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One of the four form classes, traditionally thought as the action word in the sentence. every verb, without exception, has an -s and an -ing form (present participle); every verb also has a past-tense form and a past-participial form, although in the case of some irregular verbs these forms are not readily apparent. and every verb, without, exception, can be marked by auxiliaries. Many verbs also have characteristic derivational forms, such as -ify (typify), -ize (criticize), and -ate (activate).

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Adjective

Back 3

One of the four form classes, whose members act as modifiers of nouns; most adjectives can be inflicted for comparative and superlative degree (big, bigger, biggest); they can be qualified or intensified (rather big, very big); they have characteristic derivational affixes such as -ous (famous), -ish (childish), -ful (graceful), and any (complementary).

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Adverb

Back 4

One of the one four form classes, whose members act as modifiers of verbs, contributing information of time, place, reason, manner, and the like. Like adjectives, certain adverbs can be qualified (very quickly , rather fast); some can be inflected for comparative and superlative degree (move quickly, fastest); they have characteristic derivational endings such as -ly (quickly), -wise (lengthwise), -ward (backward).

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Parallel Structure/ Parallelism

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A coordinate structure in which all the coordinate parts are of the same grammatical form: "I'll take either a bus or a taxi."
(parallel noun phrase)

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Deliberate sentence fragment

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A phrase or clause that is punctuated as a full sentence. some are simply punctuation errors: others are used deliberately for special effects. Be careful to make sure the reader can tell that the fragment is deliberate.

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Polysyndeton

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A figure of speech describes the addition of conjunctions in a series; " I invited Harold and Joyce and Marv and Jean."

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Asyndeton

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A figure of speech describes the omission of a conjunction; "I came, I saw, I conquered."

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Noun Phrase

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The noun headword with all of its attendant pre- and post noun modifiers.

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Coordination

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A way of expanding sentences in which two or more structures of the same form function as a unit. All the sentence parts as well as the sentence itself, can be coordinated.
(FANBOYS)
for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

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Anaphora

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A figure of speech describing repetition at the beginning of successive sentences,
"Mad world! Mad kings! Mad composition!" (Shakespeare)

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Isocolon

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A figure of speech describes the repetition of grammatical forms; "government of the people, by the people, for the people,"

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Prepositional Phrase

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The combination of a prepostiion ans its object. In form, the object of the proposition is usually a noun phrase ("After my nap, I'll clean the house") but it can also be a verb phrase, a gerund ("After cleaning the house, Ill take a nap").

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Subject

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The opening position in the sentence patterns, usually a noun phrase or other nominal structure, that functions as the topic of the sentence.

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Predicate

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One of the two principal parts of the sentence, the comment made about the subject. The predicate includes the verb, together with its complements and modifiers.

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Direct Object

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A nominal in the predicate of the transitive sentence patterns. The direct object names the objective or goal of or the receiver of the verb's action; "We ate the peanuts"; "the boy hit the ball"; " I enjoy playing chess."

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Indirect Object

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The nominal following verbs like give. The indirect object is the recipient; the direct object is the thing given: "We gave our friends a ride home."

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Passive Voice

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A feature of transitive sentences in which the direct object(the objective or goal) is shifted to the subject position. The auxiliary be is used with the past participial form of the verb. The term passive refers to the relationship between the subject and the verb. "Ed wrote the editorial" "The editorial was written by Ed."

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Active Voice

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A feature of transitive verb sentences in which the subject is generally the agent and the direct object is the goal or the object of the action. Voice refers to the relationship of the subject to the verb.

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Subordination

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The placement of information in a dependent clause that functions adverbially or adjectivally.

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Antithesis

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The Juxtaposition of contrasting ideas.
"I come to bury Caesar, not to Prase him."

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Climax

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The arrangement of a series of words, phrases, or clauses in order of importance, scope, or length.

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Direct Object

Back 23

A nominal in the predicate of the transitive sentence patterns. The direct object names the objective or goal or the receiver of the verb's action. "We ate the peanuts"; "The boy hit the ball"; "I enjoy playing chess."