Vocabulary For Pulmonary & Renal Pathophysiology

Front 1

coryza

Back 1

acute rhinitis

Front 2

rhinitis

Back 2

Inflammation of mucousal membrane of the nose.

Front 3

uremia

Back 3

1. an excess in the blood of urea, creatinine, and other nitrogenous end products of protein and amino acid metabolism. More correctly called azotemia.

2. In current usuage, the entire constellation of signs and symptoms of chronic renal failure, including nausea, vomiting, anorexia, a metallic taste in the mouth, a characteristic order of breath, pruritis, urea frost on the skin, neuromuscular disorders, pain, and twitching in the muscles, hypertension, edema, mental confusion, and acid-base and electrolyte imbalances. Some authorties prefer to call this uremic syndrome.

3. Uremia is characterized by not only failure of renal excretory function but also by a host of metabolic and endocrine alterations incident to renal damage.

Front 4

pruritis


Dorlands Illustrated Medical Dictionary 30th ed. page 1531

Back 4

1. an unpleasant cutaneous sensation that provokes the desire to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief. Called also itching. 2. any of various conditions marked by this sensation, the specific site or type being indicated by a modifying term.

Front 5

proteinuria

Back 5

excessive proteins in the urine, such as in renal disease, after strenuous exercise, and with dehydration.

Hint 5

p. 1526, 30th edition, Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary.

Front 6

Microalbuminuria

Back 6

Definition: urine excretion of > 25-30 but < 150mg albumin per day

Causes: early diabetes, hypertension, glomerular hyperfiltration

Prognostic Value: diabetic patients with microalbuminuria are 10-20 fold more likely to develop persistent proteinuria

Front 7

radiopaque

Back 7

Not penetrable by x-rays or other forms of radiant energy; radiopaque areas appear light or white on the exposed film

Hint 7

Dorlands 30th pg. 1564

Front 8

radiolucent

Back 8

permitting the passage of x-rays or other forms of radiant energy with little attenuation; radiolucent areas appear dark on the exposed film

Hint 8

Dorlands 30th pg. 1564

Front 9

azotemia

Back 9

1. an excess of urea or other nitrogenous compounds in the blood.

2. elevation of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels and is largely related to a decreased glomerular filtration rate.

Hint 9

1. Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary 30th ed pg. 188

2. Robbins Basic Pathology pg. 542

Front 10

oliguria

Back 10

diminished urine prodcution and excreation as compared with fluid intake, usually defined as less than 500 mL per 24 hours. Called also hypouresis and oliguresis.

Hint 10

Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary 30th ed pg. 1306

Front 11

lipiduria

Back 11

Fat globules appear in urine most often with nephrotic syndrome; these are neutral fats (triglycerides) and cholesterols

Hint 11

Slide 29 of Urine and other body fluids by Dr. Zaman

Front 12

nephritis

Back 12

inflammation of the kidney; focal or diffuse proliferative or destructive process that may involve the glomerulus, tubule, or interstitial renal tissue.

Hint 12

Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary 30th ed pg. 1229

Front 13

glomerulus

Back 13

[L., dim. of glomus - ball] a tuft or cluster; used in anatomic nomenclature as a general term to designate such a structure, as one composed of blood vessels or nerve fibers. Often used alone to designate a glomerulus of the kidney.

Hint 13

Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary 30th ed pg. 780

Front 14

Acute nephritic syndrome

Back 14

a glomerular syndrome dominated by the acute onset of usually grossly visible hematuria (red blood cells in urine), mild to moderate proteinuria, azotemia, edema, and hypertension; it is the classic presentation of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis.

Hint 14

Robins Basic Pathology 8th ed. p. 542

Front 15

nephrotic syndrome

Back 15

characterized by heavy proteinuria (excretion of more than 3.5 g of protein/day), hypoalbuminemia, severe edema, hyperlipidemia, and lipiduria (lipid in the urine).

Hint 15

Robins Basic Pathology 8th ed. p. 542

Front 16

Asymptomatic hematuria or proteinuria

Back 16

a combination of these two, is usually a manifestation of subtle or mild glomerular abnormalities.

Hint 16

Robins Basic Pathology 8th ed. p. 542

Front 17

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

Back 17

results in loss of renal function in a few days or weeks and is manifested by an active urine sediment (hematuria, dysmorphic red blood cells, red blood cell casts).

Hint 17

Robins Basic Pathology 8th ed. p. 542

Front 18

Acute renal failure

Back 18

is dominated by oliguria or anuria (no urine flow), with recent onset of azotemia. It can result from glomerular injury (such as crescentic glomerulonephritis), interstitial injury, or acute tubular necrosis.

Hint 18

Robins Basic Pathology 8th ed. p. 542

Front 19

Chronic renal failure

Back 19

characterized by prolonged symptoms and signs of uremia, is the end result of all chronic renal diseases.

Hint 19

Robins Basic Pathology 8th ed. pg. 542

Front 20

Urinary tract infection

Back 20

is characterized by bacteriuria and pyuria (bacteria and leukocytes in the urine). The infection may be symptomatic or asymptomatic, and it may affect the kidney (pyelonephritis) or the bladder (cystitis) only.

Hint 20

Robins Basic Pathology 8th ed. pg. 542

Front 21

Nephrolithiasis (renal stones)

Back 21

is manifested by renal colic, hematuria, and recurrent stone formation.

Hint 21

Robins Basic Pathology 8th ed. pg. 542

Front 22

prerenal azotemia

Back 22

is encountered when there is hypoperfusion of the kidneys, which decreases GFR in the absence of parenchymal damage.

Hint 22

Robbins Basic Pathology 8th ed. p. 542

Front 23

postrenal azotemia

Back 23

can result when urine flow is obstructed below the level of the kidney.

Hint 23

Robbins Basic Pathology 8th ed. p. 542