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59 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
adventitious
abnormal breath sounds heard over the lungs
alveoli
small air sacs at the end of the terminal bronchioles that are the site of gas exchange
atelectasis
incomplete expansion or collapse of a part of the lungs
bradypnea
slow rate of breathing
bronchial sounds
those heard over the trachea; high in pitch and intensity, with expiration being longer than inspiration
bronchovesicular
normal breath sounds heard over the upper anterior chest and intercostal area
cilia
microscopic hairlike projections that propel mucus toward the upper airway so that it can be expectorated
crackles
fine crackling sounds made as air moves through wet secretions in the lungs
diffusion
tendency of solutes to move freely throughout a solvent from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is established
dry powder inhaler (DPI)
type of delivery method for inhaled medications, breath activitated, a quick breath activates the flow of medication, eliminating the need to coordinate activating the inhaler while inhaling the medicine at the same time.
dyspnea
difficult or labored breathing
endotracheal tube
polyvinyl-chloride airway that is inserted through the nose or the mouth into the trachea, using a laryngoscope as a guide
expiration
act of breathing out;synonym is exhalation
hemothorax
blood that develops in the pleural space
hyperventilation
condition in which there is more than the normal amount of air entering and leaving lungs
hypoventilation
decreased rate or depth of air movement into the lungs
hypoxemia
deficient oxygenation of blood
hypoxia
inadequate amount of oxygen available to the cells
inspiration
act of breathing in;synonym is inhalation
metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
instrument that delivers a controlled dose of medication to narrowed airways with each compression of the canister
nasal cannula
disposable, plastic device that delivers oxygen via two protruding prongs for insertion into the nostrils
nebulizer
instrument that disperses fine particles of medication into the deeper passages of the respiratory tract where absorption occurs
perfusion
process by which oxygenated blood passes through body tissues
pleural effusion
fluid in the pleural space
pleural friction rub
a grating sound caused by an inflamed pleura rubbing against the chest wall. (p629)
pneumothorax
air in the pleural space
pulmonary ventilation
movement of air into and out of the lungs
pulse oximetry
noninvasive technique that measures the oxygenn saturation (SaO2) or arterial blood
respiration
gas exchange between the atmospheric air in the alveoli and blood in the capillaries
spirometer
instrument used to measure lung capacities and volumes; one type is used to encourage deep breathing (incentive spirometry)
sputum
respiratory secreations expelled by coughing or clearing the throat
surfactant
detergent-like phospholipid that reduces surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli
tachypnea
rapid rate of breathing
thoracentesis
aspiration of fluid or air from the pleural space
tracheostomy
artificial opening made into the trachea through which a tracheostomy tube is inserted
vesicular breath sounds
normal sound of respirations heard on auscultation over peripheral lung areas (low-pitched)
wheezes
continuous, high-pitched squeak or musical sound made as air moves through narrowed or partially obstructed airway passages
acute pharyngitis
inflammation of the throat, or "sore throat" can be aused by a virus, beta-hemolytic streptococci (strep throat), or other bacteria.
acute rhinitis
acute inflammation or the mucous membranes of the nose
allergic rhinitis
often called "hay fever", which is caused by pollen or a foreign substance
antihistamines
H1 blockers or H1 antagonists, compete with histamine for receptor sites, preventing a histamine response.
antitussives
act on the cough-control center in the medulla to suppress the cough reflex.
common cold
the most prevalent type of upper respiratory infection
decongestants
(sympathomimetic amines) stimulate the alpha-adrenergic receptors, producing vascular constriction (vasoconstriction) of the capillaries within the nasal mucosa.
expectorants
loosen bronchial secretions so they can be eliminated by coughing
rebound nasal congestion
(rebound vasodilation instead of vasoconstriction) caused by irritation of the nasal musoca
rhinorrhea
watery nasal discharge
sinusitis
inflammation of the mucous membranes of one or more of the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, or sphenoid sinuses
asthma
an inflammatory disorder of the airway walls associated with a varying amount of airway obstruction
bronchial asthma
a COPD characterized by periods of bronchospasm resulting in wheezing and difficulty breathing
bronchiectasis
abnormal dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles secondary to frequent infection and inflammation
bronchodilators
An agent that causes an increase in caliber of bronchus (Stedmans)
bronchospasm
or bronshoconstriction, results when the lung tissue is exposed to extrinsic or intrinsic factors that stimulate a bronchoconstrictive response.
chronic bronchitis
a progressive lung disease caused by smoking or chronic lung infections
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
a disease caused by airway obstruction with increased airway resistance of airflow to lung tissues
emphysema
a progressive lung disease caused by cigarette smoking, atmospheric contaminants, or lack of the alpha1-antitrypsin protein that inhibits proteolytic enzymes that destroy alveoli (air sacs)
glucocorticoids
(steriods) members of the corticosteriod family, used to treat respiratory disorders, particularly asthma.
mucolytics
act like detergents to liquefy and loosen thick mucous secretions so they can be expectorated
restrictive lung disease
decrease in total lung capacity as a result of fluid accumulation or loss of elasticity of the lung