Vocabulary Chapter 5

Front 1

.

Back 1

.

Front 2

The phrase became synonymous with the research Stanley Milgram conducted on "the small world phenomenon

Back 2

six degrees of seperation

Front 3

Groups

Back 3

people who have something in common and who believe that what they have in common is significant; also called a social group

Front 4

aggregate

Back 4

individuals who temporarily share the same physical space but who do not see themselves as belonging together

Front 5

category

Back 5

people, objects, and events that have similar characteristics and classified together

Front 6

primary group

Back 6

a small group characterized by intimate, long term, face to face association and cooperation, your "mirror within"

Front 7

secondary group

Back 7

compared with a primary group, but much larger, relatively temporary, more anonymous, formal, and impersonal group based on some interest or activity; these groups tend to break down into primary groups

Front 8

voluntary associations

Back 8

groups made up of people who voluntarily organize on the basis of some mutual interest; also known as voluntary memberships or voluntary orgainizations

Front 9

iron law of oligarchy

Back 9

Robert Michels' term for the tendency of formal organizations to be dominated by a small, self perpetuation elite

Front 10

in-groups

Back 10

groups in which we feel loyalty; ex we

Front 11

out-groups

Back 11

a group toward which on feels antagonism: ex: them

Front 12

reference group

Back 12

a group whose standards we refer to as we evaluate ourselves; may include your family, teachers, neighbors etc

Front 13

social network

Back 13

the social ties radiating outward from the self that link people together

Front 14

clique

Back 14

type of social network: the cluster of people within a larger group who choose to interact with one another

Front 15

bureaucracy

Back 15

formal organization with a hierarchy of authority and a clear division of labor; emphasis on impersonality of positions and written rules, communications and records

Front 16

Weber point out that bureaucracies have

Back 16

1. separate levels, with assignments flowing downward and accountability flowing upward

2. a division of labor

3. written rules

4. written communications and records

5. impersonality and replaceablitly

Front 17

goal displacement

Back 17

an organization replacing old goals with new ones; also know as goal replacement

Front 18

resisting alienation

Back 18

forming primary groups at work

Front 19

alienation

Back 19

Marx's term for workers lack of connection to product of their labor; caused by working being assigned repetitive tasks on a small part of product. this leads to a sense of powerlessness and normlessness; other use the term in general sense of not feeling a part of something

Front 20

self-fulfilling stereotype

Back 20

preconceived ideas of what someone is like tat lead to the persons behaving in ways that match the stereotype

Front 21

hidden stereotypes

Back 21

stereotypes of the traits that make for high-performing and underperforming workers

Front 22

group dnyamics

Back 22

how groups influence us and how we influence groups

Front 23

small group

Back 23

a group small enough for everyone to interact directly with all the other members

Front 24

dyad

Back 24

the smallest possible group, consisting of two persons; most unstable group

Front 25

triad

Back 25

a group of three

Front 26

coalition

Back 26

the alignment of some members of a group against others; ex 2 group members aligning themselves against 1

Front 27

leader

Back 27

someone who influences other people

Front 28

instrumental leader

Back 28

individual who tries to keep the group motivated toward its goals, also known as task oriented leader

Front 29

expressive leader

Back 29

individual who increases harmony and minimizes conflict in groups; also know as a socioemotional leader

Front 30

leadership styles

Back 30

ways in which people express their leadership

Front 31

authoritarian leader

Back 31

leads by giving orders

Front 32

democratic leader

Back 32

leads by trying to reach a consensus

Front 33

laissez-faire leader

Back 33

leads by being highly permissive

Front 34

groupthink

Back 34

a narrowing of thought by a group of people, leading to the perception that there is only one correct answer and that to even suggest alternatives is a sign of disloyalty; Irving Janis referred to it as collective tunnel vision in a group convinced there is only one "right" viewpoint