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217 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ablation
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Surgical excision or amputation of a body part or tissue.
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acantholysis
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Disruption of the intercellular connections between keratinocytes of the epidermis, caused by lysis of intercellular cement substance, resulting in secondary disruption of desmosomes and often in a defined sequence of cellular degenerative events.
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achlasia
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The failure of a ring of muscle fibers, such as a sphincter of the esophagus, to relax.
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acral
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Of, relating to, or affecting peripheral parts, such as limbs, fingers, or ears.
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adenoma
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A benign epithelial tumor having a glandular origin and structure.
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adhesion
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A fibrous band of scar tissue that binds together normally separate anatomical structures.
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adjuvant
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A substance that, when added to a medicine, speeds or improves its action.
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adnexa
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Accessory or adjoining anatomical parts, as ovaries and oviducts in relation to the uterus.
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adventitia
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The membranous outer covering of an organ or a blood vessel.
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amyloid
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A hard waxy deposit consisting of protein and polysaccharides that results from the degeneration of tissue.
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anaphylaxis
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Hypersensitivity, especially in animals to a substance, such as foreign protein or a drug, that is caused by exposure to a foreign substance after a preliminary exposure.
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anaplasia
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Hypersensitivity, especially in animals to a substance, such as foreign protein or a drug, that is caused by exposure to a foreign substance after a preliminary exposure.
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anaplasty
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The surgical repair or replacement of damaged organs, tissue, or body parts.
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anastomosis
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1. The connection of separate parts of a branching system to form a network, as of leaf veins, blood vessels, or a river and its branches.
2. The surgical connection of separate or severed tubular hollow organs to form a continuous channel, as between two parts of the intestine. |
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aneurysm
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A blood-filled sac formed by the dilatation of the wall of an artery, a vein or the heart.
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angioedema
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Recurring episodes of noninflammatory swelling of the skin, mucous membranes, viscera, and brain, occasionally accompanied by arthralgia, purpura, or fever.
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anisocoria
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Unequal size of the pupils.
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anisokaryosis
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Variation in size of nuclei, greater than the normal range for a tissue.
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antrum
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A nearly closed cavity or chamber, especially in a bone.
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apical
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Relating to or located at the tip (an apex).
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aplasia
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Defective development resulting in the absence of all or part of an organ or tissue.
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apneusis
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A condition marked by maintained inhalational activity unrelieved by exhaling, each inhalation being long and cramplike.
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aponeurosis
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A sheetlike fibrous membrane, resembling a flattened tendon, that serves as a fascia to bind muscles together or as a means of connecting muscle to bone.
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apophysis
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A natural swelling, projection, or outgrowth of an organ or part, such as the process of a vertebra.
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asthenia
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Loss or lack of bodily strength; weakness; debility.
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atheroma
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A deposit or degenerative accumulation of lipid-containing plaques on the innermost layer of the wall of an artery.
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atelectasis
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A term used to describe partial or complete collapse of the lung, usually due to an obstruction of a bronchus.
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atopy
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A probably hereditary allergy characterized by symptoms (as asthma, hay fever, or hives) produced upon exposure to the exciting antigen without inoculation.
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atresia
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The congenital absence or closure of a normal body orifice or tubular passage such as the anus, intestine, or external ear canal.
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autolysis
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The destruction of cells or tissues by their own enzymes, as after death or in some diseases.
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avulsion
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The tearing away of a structure or part by surgical traction or by accident.
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azotemia
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Accumulation in the blood of nitrogen-bearing waste products (urea) that are usually excreted in the urine.
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bacteremia
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The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the bloodstream.
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blepharitis
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Inflammation of the eyelids.
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blood dyscrasia
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A diseased state of the blood, usually one in which the blood contains permanent abnormal cellular elements.
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borborygmus
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A rumbling noise produced by the movement of gas through the intestines.
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buffy coat
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The white band of concentrated white blood cells between the red blood cells and plasma in a microhematocrit tube.
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bulla
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1. A hollow thin-walled rounded bony prominence.
2. A large vesicle or blister. |
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bursa
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A sac or saclike bodily cavity, especially one containing a viscous lubricating fluid and located between a tendon and a bone or at points of friction between moving structures.
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cachexia
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A condition of ill health and impairment of nutrition due to impoverishment of the blood, esp. when caused by a specific morbid process (as cancer or tubercle).
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calcinosis
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An abnormal condition in which calcium salts are deposited in a part or tissue of the body.
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canaliculus
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A small canal or duct in the body, such as the minute channels in compact bone.
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cancellous
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Having an open, latticed, or porous structure. Used especially of bone.
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cannula
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A flexible tube, usually containing a trocar at one end, that is inserted into a bodily cavity, duct, or vessel to drain fluid or administer a substance such as a medication.
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cardiac tamponade
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Acute compression of the heart due to fluid effusion or hemorrhage into the pericardium.
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catalepsy
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A trancelike state with loss of voluntary motion and failure to react to stimuli.
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cataract
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Opacity of the lens or capsule of the eye, causing impairment of vision or blindness.
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catarrh
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Inflammation of a mucous membrane, esp. of the respiratory tract, accompanied by excessive secretions.
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cellulitis
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A spreading inflammation of subcutaneous or connective tissue.
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cheilitis
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Inflammation affecting the lips.
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chemosis
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Edema of the mucous membrane of the eyeball and eyelid lining.`
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chorion
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The outer membrane enclosing the embryo in reptiles, birds, and mammals. In placental mammals it contributes to the development of the placenta.
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chyle
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A turbid, white or pale yellow fluid taken up by the lacteals from the intestine during digestion and carried by the lymphatic system via the thoracic duct into the circulation.
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cirrhosis
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1. Liver disease characterised pathologically by loss of the normal microscopic lobular architecture, with fibrosis and nodular regeneration.
2. Chronic interstitial inflammation of any tissue or organ. |
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clonus
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An abnormality in neuromuscular activity characterized by rapidly alternating muscular contraction and relaxation.
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coagulopathy
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A defect in the blood clotting mechanism.
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colic
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A paroxysm of acute abdominal pain localized in a hollow organ and often caused by spasm, obstruction, or twisting.
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collarette
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A narrow rim of loosened keratin overhanging the periphery of a circumscribed skin lesion, attached to the normal surrounding skin.
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colloid
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A substance consisting of particles that are dispersed throughout another substance and are too small for resolution with an ordinary light microscope but are incapable of passing through a semipermeable membrane.
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comminuted
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Broken into several pieces; denoting especially a fractured bone.
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condyle
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A rounded prominence at the end of a bone, most often for articulation with another bone: occipital condyles of the skull, condyles of the humerus, femur, and tibia.
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cornification
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The conversion of squamous epithelial cells into a keratinized horny material, such as hair, nails, or feathers.
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corpus luteum
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A yellow, progesterone-secreting mass of cells that forms from an ovarian follicle after the release of a mature egg.
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cotyledon
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One of the patches of villi found in some forms of placenta.
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crenation
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A process resulting from osmosis in which red blood cells, in a hypertonic solution, undergo shrinkage and acquire a notched or scalloped surface.
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crepitus
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A crinkly, crackling or grating feeling or sound in the joints, skin or lungs.
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curette
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A surgical instrument shaped like a scoop or spoon, used to remove tissue or growths from a body cavity.
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cytology
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The branch of biology that deals with the formation, structure, and function of cells.
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cytopenia
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A reduction in the number of cells circulating in the blood.
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deglutition
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The act or process of swallowing.
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dentate
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Having a toothed margin or toothlike projections or processes.
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dermatophyte
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Any of various fungi that can cause parasitic skin infections.
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desmosome
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A structure that forms the site of adhesion between two cells, consisting of a dense plate in each adjacent cell separated by a thin layer of extracellular material.
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detumescence
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Reduction or lessening of a swelling, especially the restoration of a swollen organ or part to normal size.
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diaphysis
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The shaft (body) of a long bone.
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diastema
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1. A fissure or abnormal opening in a part, especially when congenital.
2. A gap or space between two adjacent teeth in the same dental arch. |
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diathesis
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A hereditary predisposition of the body to a disease, a group of diseases, an allergy, or another disorder.
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diverticulum
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A pouch or sac branching out from a hollow organ or structure, such as the intestine.
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dropsy
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An unnatural collection of serous fluid in any serous cavity of the body, or in the subcutaneous cellular tissue; edema.
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dyskinesia
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An impairment in the ability to control movements, characterized by spasmodic or repetitive motions or lack of coordination.
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dysmetria
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An aspect of ataxia, in which the ability to control the distance, power, and speed of an act is impaired. Usually used to describe abnormalities of movement caused by cerebellar disorders.
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dysplasia
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Abnormal development or growth of tissues, organs, or cells.
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dystrophy
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A degenerative disorder caused by inadequate or defective nutrition.
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ecchymosis
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The passage of blood from ruptured blood vessels into subcutaneous tissue, marked by a purple discoloration of the skin.
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eclampsia
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Coma and convulsions during or immediately after pregnancy, characterized by edema, hypertension, and proteinuria.
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ectasia
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A dilatation of a hollow organ or of a canal.
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ectopia
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An abnormal location or position of an organ or a body part, occurring congenitally or as the result of injury.
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effusion
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The seeping of serous, purulent, or bloody fluid into a body cavity or tissue.
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embolism
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The sudden blocking of an artery by a clot or foreign material which has been brought to its site of lodgment by the blood current.
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emphysema
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A pathological accumulation of air in tissues or organs, applied especially to such a condition of the lungs.
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empyema
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The presence of pus in a body cavity, especially the pleural cavity.
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endophytic
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Tending to grow inward into tissues in fingerlike projections from a superficial site of origin; used of tumors.
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epicondyle
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A rounded projection at the end of a bone, located on or above a condyle and usually serving as a place of attachment for ligaments and tendons: lateral epicondyle of the humerus or femur.
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epiphora
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Watering of the eyes due to a blockage of the lacrimal ducts or the excessive secretion of tears.
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epiphysis
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The end of a long bone that is originally separated from the main bone by a layer of cartilage but later becomes united to the main bone through ossification.
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epitope
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The surface portion of an antigen capable of eliciting an immune response and of combining with the antibody produced to counter that response.
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epulis
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Inflammatory cellular proliferation or a tumorlike growth of the gum.
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erosion
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A break in the continuity of the epidermis that does not penetrate the basement membrane.
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eructation
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The act or an instance of belching.
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eschar
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A dry scab or slough formed on the skin as a result of a burn or by the action of a corrosive or caustic substance.
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excoriation
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A scratch or abrasion of the skin.
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exophthalmos
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Abnormal protrusion of the eyeball.
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exophytic
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Tending to grow outward beyond the surface epithelium from which it originates; used of tumors.
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expectoration
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The act of coughing up and spitting out materials from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea.
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extravasation
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A discharge or escape, as of blood, from a vessel into the tissues.
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facet
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A small, smooth, flat surface, as on a bone or tooth.
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fascicle
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A bundle of anatomical fibers, as of muscle or nerve. Also called fasciculus.
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fenestration
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1. A natural or surgically created opening in a surface.
2. The presence of such openings. 3. The surgical creation of an artificial opening in the bony part of the inner ear to improve or restore hearing. |
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fibrosis
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Development of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ.
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fimbriated
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Having the edge or extremity fringed or bordered by slender processes.
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fissure
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1. A normal groove or furrow, as in the liver or brain, that divides an organ into lobes or parts.
2. Linear split through the epidermis into the underlying dermis. |
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fistula
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An abnormal duct or passage resulting from injury, disease, or a congenital disorder that connects an abscess, cavity, or hollow organ to the body surface or to another hollow organ.
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fomite
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An inanimate object or substance that is capable of transmitting infectious organisms from one individual to another.
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fontanelle
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Any of the soft membranous gaps between the incompletely formed cranial bones of a fetus or an infant.
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foramen
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An opening or orifice, as in a bone or in the covering of the ovule of a plant.
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fossa
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A small cavity or depression, as in a bone.
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fovea
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1. A small cuplike depression or pit in a bone or organ.
2. A small rodless area of the retina that affords acute vision. |
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fulminant
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Occurring suddenly, rapidly, and with great severity or intensity.
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fundus
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The bottom or base of any hollow organ; the fundus of the bladder; the fundus of the eye.
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furuncle
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A painful, circumscribed pus-filled inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue usually caused by a local staphylococcal infection. Also called boil.
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fusiform
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Tapering at each end; spindle-shaped.
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gavage
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Introduction of nutritive material into the stomach by means of a tube.
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glabrous
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Having no hairs; smooth.
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granulation
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The formation of a small mass of tiny red granules of newly forming capillaries, as on the surface of a wound that is healing.
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groove
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A long, narrow furrow accommodating a vessel, nerve, or tendon.
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grub
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The thick wormlike larva of certain beetles and other insects.
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guttural
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Of or relating to the throat.
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hematoma
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A localized collection of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space or tissue, due to a break in the wall of a blood vessel.
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hernia
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The protrusion of a loop or knuckle of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening.
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hilus
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A depression or fissure where vessels or nerves or ducts enter a bodily organ; the hilus of the kidney.
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hygroma
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A cystic swelling containing a serous fluid.
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hypercapnia
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A condition marked by an unusually high concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood as a result of hypoventilation.
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hyperemia
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An increase in the quantity of blood flow to a body part; engorgement.
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hyperesthesia
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An abnormal or pathological increase in sensitivity to sensory stimuli, as of the skin to touch or the ear to sound.
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hyperplasia
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An abnormal increase in the number of cells in an organ or a tissue with consequent enlargement.
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hyphema
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Hemorrhage into the anterior chamber of the eye.
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hypovolemia
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An abnormally decreased volume of circulating blood in the body; the most common cause is hemorrhage.
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hypoxemia
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Insufficient oxygenation of the blood.
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hypoxia
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Deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching body tissues.
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indurated
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Hardened, as a soft tissue that becomes extremely firm.
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infarct
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An area of tissue that undergoes necrosis as a result of obstruction of local blood supply, as by a thrombus or embolus.
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inotropic
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Affecting the force or energy of muscular contractions.
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inspissated
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Being thickened, dried, or rendered less fluid.
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intima
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The innermost membrane of an organ or part, especially the inner lining of a lymphatic vessel, an artery, or a vein.
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ischemia
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A decrease in the blood supply to a bodily organ, tissue, or part caused by constriction or obstruction of the blood vessels.
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keratitis
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Inflammation of the cornea.
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labile
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Constantly undergoing or likely to undergo change; unstable: a labile compound.
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lavage
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The washing out of an organ, as the stomach, intestinal tract, or sinuses.
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lordosis
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An abnormal forward curvature of the spine in the lumbar region.
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luxation
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Complete dislocation of a joint.
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maceration
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The softening of a solid by soaking.
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macule
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A discolored lesion on the skin that is not elevated above the surface.
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marsupialization
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Surgical alteration of a cyst or similar enclosed cavity by making an incision and suturing the flaps to the adjacent tissue, creating a pouch.
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meatus
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A natural body opening or passage: external auditory meatus.
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mediastinum
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The space in the thoracic cavity behind the sternum and in between the two pleural sacs (containing the lungs).
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meniscus
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A cartilage disk that acts as a cushion between the ends of bones that meet in a joint.
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mesentery
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A double layer of peritoneum attached to the abdominal wall and enclosing in its fold certain organs of the abdominal viscera.
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metaplasia
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1. Normal transformation of tissue from one type to another, as in the ossification of cartilage to form bone.
2. Transformation of cells from a normal to an abnormal state. |
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miosis
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Constriction of the pupil of the eye, resulting from a normal response to an increase in light or caused by certain drugs or pathological conditions.
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mydriasis
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Prolonged abnormal dilatation of the pupil of the eye caused by disease or a drug.
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myoclonus
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A sudden twitching of muscles or parts of muscles, without any rhythm or pattern, occurring in various brain disorders.
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necrosis
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Death of cells or tissues through injury or disease, especially in a localized area of the body.
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nidus
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1. A central point or focus of bacterial growth in a living organism.
2. A point or place at which something originates, accumulates, or develops, as the center around which calculi form. |
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nociception
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The perception of injurious stimuli, as by nerve centers.
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nodule
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A solid elevation of the skin greater than 1 cm in diameter that usually extends into the deeper skin layers.
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nystagmus
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A rapid, involuntary, oscillatory motion of the eyeball.
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obstipation
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Severe constipation caused by intestinal obstruction.
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obturator
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1. An organic structure, such as the soft palate, that closes an opening in the body.
2. A prosthetic device serving to close an opening in the body. |
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occult
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1. Detectable only by microscopic examination or chemical analysis, as a minute blood sample.
2. Not accompanied by readily detectable signs or symptoms: occult carcinoma. |
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omentum
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One of the folds of the peritoneum that connect the stomach with other abdominal organs.
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oncotic
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Pertaining to, caused by or marked by swelling.
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opisthotonus
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Spasm of the body where the head and heels are bent backward and the body is bowed forward. A type of extrapyramidal effect.
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orchiectomy
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Surgical removal of one or both testes.
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panosteitis
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Inflammation of an entire bone.
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papilloma
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A small benign epithelial tumor, such as a wart, consisting of an overgrowth of cells on a core of smooth connective tissue.
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papule
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A small, solid, usually inflammatory elevation of the skin that does not contain pus.
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parenchyma
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Animal tissue that constitutes the essential part of an organ as contrasted with connective tissue and blood vessels.
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parenteral
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Taken into the body or administered in a manner other than through the digestive tract, as by intravenous or intramuscular injection.
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paroxysm
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1. A spasm or fit; a convulsion.
2. A sudden attack, recurrence, or intensification of a disease. |
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pedicle
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A small stalk or stalklike structure, especially one supporting or connecting an organ or other body part.
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peduncle
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1. A stalklike bundle of nerve fibers connecting different parts of the brain.
2. The stalklike base to which a polyp or tumor is attached. |
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perfusion
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The pumping of a fluid through an organ or tissue.
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pernicious
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Tending to cause death or serious injury; deadly: a pernicious virus.
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physis
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The plate of cartilage between the diaphysis and epiphyses of immature long bones. This is where lengthening of long bones takes place.
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plication
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A folding or putting together in pleats; specifically, an operation for reducing the size of a hollow viscus by taking folds or tucks in its walls.
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polyp
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A usually nonmalignant growth or tumor protruding from the mucous lining of an organ such as the nose, bladder, or intestine, often causing obstruction.
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potentiate
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1. To make potent or powerful.
2. To enhance or increase the effect of (a drug). 3. To promote or strengthen (a biochemical or physiological action or effect). |
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premunition
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Relative immunity to severe infection by a particular pathogen as a result of a chronic low-grade infection by the same pathogen.
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prolapse
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1. To fall or slip out of place.
2. The falling down or slipping out of place of an organ or part, such as the uterus. |
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proprioception
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The ability to sense the position and location and orientation and movement of the body and its parts.
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proptosis
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Forward displacement of an organ, especially an eyeball.
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ptyalism
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Excessive secretion of saliva.
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purpura
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A condition characterized by hemorrhages in the skin and mucous membranes that result in the appearance of purplish spots or patches.
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pustule
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A small circumscribed elevation of the skin containing pus and having an inflamed base.
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purulent
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Containing, discharging, or causing the production of pus: a purulent infection.
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recrudescence
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Reappearance of disease in a host whose infection has been quiescent.
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retinaculum
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A local thickening of deep fascia that holds tendons in place.
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saponification
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The hydrolysis of a fat by alkali with the formation of a soap and glycerol.
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sclerosis
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1. A thickening or hardening of a body part, as of an artery, especially from excessive formation of fibrous interstitial tissue.
2. A disease characterized by this thickening or hardening. |
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sepsis
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The presence of pathogenic organisms or their toxins in the blood or tissues.
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septicemia
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A systemic disease caused by pathogenic organisms or their toxins in the bloodstream.
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septum
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A thin partition or membrane that divides two cavities or soft masses of tissue in an organism: the nasal septum; the atrial septum of the heart.
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serosa
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A thin continuous membrane lining the closed cavity of the body and covering the cavity's organs.
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strabismus
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A visual defect in which one eye cannot focus with the other on an objective because of imbalance of the eye muscles.
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subluxation
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Incomplete or partial dislocation of a bone in a joint.
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syncytium
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A multinucleated mass of cytoplasm that is not separated into individual cells.
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thrombosis
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The obstruction of a blood vessel by a clot formed at the site of obstruction.
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tomography
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Any of several techniques for making detailed x-rays of a predetermined plane section of a solid object while blurring out the images of other planes.
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transudate
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A plasma derived fluid substance which has passed through a membrane or has been extruded from a tissue, sometimes as a result of inflammation.
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trochlea
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An anatomical structure resembling a pulley: trochlea of the femur.
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tubercle
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A small rounded nodule, lesion, or prominence attached to bone, mucous membrane, or skin.
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ungual
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1. Of, resembling, or bearing a hoof, nail, or claw.
2. Of or relating to fingernails or toenails. |
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valgus
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1. Lateral deviation of the bones distal to the joint in question.
2. A bone of the leg or foot characterized by such an abnormality. |
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varicose
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Abnormally swollen or knotted: varicose veins.
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varus
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1. Medial deviation of the bones distal to the joint in question.
2. A bone of the leg or foot characterized by such an abnormality. |
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vesicle
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1. A small sac or cyst, especially one containing fluid.
2. A serum-filled blister formed in or beneath the skin |
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vestibule
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A cavity, chamber, or channel that leads to or is an entrance to another cavity: the vestibule to the ear.
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