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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the RNA complimentary to one strand of DNA; transcribed from genes and translated by ribosomes in proteins
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messenger RNA
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the enzyme- catalyzed assembly of an RNA molecule complimentary to a strand of DNA; the product may be messenger RNA, transfer RNA, or ribosomal RNA
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transcription
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the assembly of a protein or ribosomes, using messenger RNA to direct the order of amino acids
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translation
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a class of RNA molecules that combine with certain proteins to form ribosomes
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ribosomal RNA
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a class of small RNA molecules with 2 functional sites- one for attachment of a specific amino acid, the other for carrying the nucleotide triplet for that amino acid
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transfer RNA
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the "language" fo the genes in which the nucleotide sequence of DNA(in triplets or codons) specifies the amino acid sequences of proteins
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genetic code
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the basic unit of the genetic code; a sequence of 3 adjacent nucleotides in DNA or messenger DNA that encodes an amino acid
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codon
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3 nucleotide sequence in a transfer-RNA molecule that is complimentary to, and base pairs with, a specific codon in messenger RNA
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anticodon
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a substance, secreted by cells or glands, that regulates the activities of cells and organs else where in the body; a chemical messenger
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hormone
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a class of RNA molecules that combine with certain proteins to form ribosomes
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RNA polymerase
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a segment of DNA that is transcribed into precursor messenger DNA; removed before the mRNA leaves the nucleus
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introns
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a segment of DNA is transcribed into RNA and tranlsated into protein, specifying the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide
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exons
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the proces that joins portions of the primary RNA transcript(exons) after the introns are removedl the joining of 2 pieces of DNA
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splicing
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a non living, infectious particle of nucleic acid, protein, and cometimes, lipid membrane that can replicate only inside of aliving cell
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viruses
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the direction for the transport of proteins to different parts of the cell; provided by the first few amino acid is synthesized on the ribosomes.
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signal sequence
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a vurus that infects baterica; also called a phage
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bacteriophage
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referring to a virus that infects infects and destroys (lyses) subceptible cells
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lytic
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referring to a bacteriophage that infects a bacterium, inserts its DNA into the hosts DNA, and replicates with the host
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lysogenic
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