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123 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
arteriole
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small artery
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Bowman capsule
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cup-shaped capsule surrounding each glomerulus
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calyx or calix
(plural: calyces or calices) |
cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis
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catheter
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tube for injecting or removing fluids
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cortex
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outer region; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney (cortical means pertaining to the cortex)
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creatinine
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a waste product of muscle metabolism; nitrogenous waste excreted in urine
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electrolyte
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a chemical that carries an electrical charge in a solution
Examples are potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) |
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erythropoietin (EPO)
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a hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells
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filtration
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passive process whereby some substances pass through a filter or other material; blood pressure forces materials through the filter
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glomerulus
(plural: glomeruli) |
tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels)in cortex of kidney
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hilum
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depression or pit in that part of an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave
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kidney
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one of two bean-shaped organs located behind the abdominal cavity on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region
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meatus
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opening or canal
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medulla
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inner region; the renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney (medullary means pertaining to the medulla)
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micturition
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urination; the act of voiding
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nephron
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the combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney
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nitrogenous waste
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substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine
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potassium (K+)
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a salt (electrolyte) secreted from the bloodstream into the renal tubules to leave the body in urine
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reabsorption
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in this process, the renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream
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renal artery
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carries blood to the kidney
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renal pelvis
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central collecting region in the kidney
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renal tubule
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-microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration
-in the renal tubule, the composition of urine is altered by the processes of reabsorption and secretion |
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renal vein
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carries blood away from the kidney
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renin
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an enzymatic hormone synthesized, stored and secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
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sodium
(Na+) |
a salt (electrolyte) regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys
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trigone
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triangular area in the bladder where the ureters enter and the urethra exits
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urea
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major nitrogenous waste product excreted in urine
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ureter
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tube leading from each kidney to the bladder
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urethra
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tube leading from the bladder to the outside of the body
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uric acid
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nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine
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urinary bladder
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sac that holds urine
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urination
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process of expelling urine; also called micturition
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voicing
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emptying of urine fromt he urinary bladder; urination or micturition
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purulent
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pus-filled
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bulbourethral gland
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one of a pair of exocrine glands near the male urethra
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Cowper gland
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bulbourethral gland
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ejaculation
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ejection of sperm and fluid from the male urethra
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ejaculatory duct
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tube through which semen enters the urethra
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epididymis
(plural: epididymides) |
-one of a pair of long, tightly coiled tubes lying on top of each testis
-it carries sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens |
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erectile dysfunction
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inability of an adult male to achieve an erection; impotence
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flagellum
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hair-like projection on a sperm cell that makes it motile (able to move)
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fraternal twins
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two infants born of the same pregnancy from two separate ova fertilized by two different sperm
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glans penis
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sensitive tip of the penis
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identical twins
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-two infants resulting from division of one fertilized egg into two distinct embryos
-conjoined(Siamese) twins are incompletely separated identical twins |
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interstitial cells of the testis
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-cells that lie between the seminiferous tubules and produce the hormone testosterone
-a pituitary gland hormone (luteinizing hormone (LH)) stimulates the interstitial cells to produce testosterone |
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parenchyma
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-tissue composed of the essential cells of any organ
-in the testes, parenchymal tissue includes seminiferous tubules that produce sperm |
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perineum
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-area between the anus and scrotum in the male
-area between the anus and the vagina in the female |
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prepuce
(foreskin) |
skin covering the tip of the penis
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prostate gland
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gland, in men, at the base of the urinary bladder that secretes a fluid into the urethra during ejaculation
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scrotum
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external sac that contains the testes in men
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semen
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spermatozoa and fluid (prostatic and other glandular secretions)
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seminal vesicle
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either of paired sac-like male glands that secrete a fluid into the vas deferens
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seminiferous tubules
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narrow, coiled tubules that produce sperm in the testes
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spermatozoon
(plural: spermatozoa) |
sperm cell
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sterilization
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any procedure rendering an individual incapable of reproduction
eg. vasectomy and tubal ligation |
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stroma
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supportive, connective tissue of an organ, as distinguished from its parenchyma
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testis
(plural: testes) |
male gonad that produces spermatozoa and the hormone testosterone; testicle
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testosterone
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hormone secreted by the interstitial tissue of the testes; responsible for male sex characteristics
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vas deferens
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narrow tube (one on each side) that carries sperm from the epididymis into the body and toward the urethra
(also called ductus deferens) |
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adnexa uteri
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fallopian tubes, ovaries, and supporting ligaments
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amnion
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innermost membrane around the developing embryo
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areola
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dark-pigmented area around the breast nipple
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Bartholin glands
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small exocrine glands at the vaginal orifice
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cervix
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lower, neck-like portion of hte uterus
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chorion
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outermost layer of the two membranes surrounding the embryo; it is part of the placenta
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clitoris
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organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the urinary meatus
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coitus
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sexual intercourse; copulation
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corpus luteum
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empty fraafian follicle that secretes estrogen and progesterone after release of the egg cell
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cul-de-sac
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region within the pelvis, midway between the rectum and the uterus
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embryo
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stage in prenatal development from implantation of the fertilized ovum until the second month of pregnancy
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endometrium
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inner mucous membrane lining the uterus
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estrogen
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hormone produced by the ovaries; responsible for promoting female secondary sex characteristics
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fallopian tubes
uterine tubes |
one of a pair of ducts through which the ovum travels to the uterus
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fertilization
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union of the sperm cell and ovum from which the embryo develops
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fetus
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embryo from the eighth week after fertilization until birth
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fimbriae (plural)
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finger-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes
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follicle-stimulating hormone
(FSH) |
hormone produced by the pituitary gland; stimulates maturation of the ovum
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gamete
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male or female sexual reproductive cell; sperm cell or ovum
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genitalia
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reproductive organs
(also called genitals) |
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gestation
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period from fertilization of the ovum to birth; pregnancy
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gonad
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organ in the male (testis) and female (ovary) that produces gametes
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graafian follicle
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-developing sac enclosing each ovum within the ovary
-only about 400 of these sacs mature in a woman's lifetime |
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gynecology
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study of the female reproductive organs including the breasts
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human chorionic gonadotropin
(HCG) |
hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating (-tropin) the mother's ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone
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hymen
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mucous membrane partially or completely covering the vaginal orifice
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labia
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-lips of the vagina
-labia majora are the larger, outermost lips -labia minora are the smaller, innermost lips |
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lactiferous ducts
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tubes that carry milk within the breast
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luteinizing hormone
(LH) |
hormone produced by the pituitary gland; promotes ovulation
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mammary papilla
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nipple of the breast
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menarche
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beginning of the first mentrual period during puberty
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menopause
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gradual ending of menstruation
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menstruation
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-monthly shedding of the uterine lining
-menses is the normal flow of blood and tissue that occurs during menstruation |
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myometrium
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muscle layer lining the uterus
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neonatology
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branch of medicine that concentrates on the care of the newborn (neonate)
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obstetrics
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branch of medicine convered with pregnancy and childbirth
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orifice
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an opening
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ovary
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-one of a pair of female organs (gonads) on each side of the pelvis
-almond-shaped, size of large walnuts -produce egg cells (ova) and hormones |
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ovulation
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release of the ovum from the ovary
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ovum
(plural: ova) |
egg cell; female gamete
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pituitary gland
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-endocrine gland at the base of the brain
-produces hormones to stimulate the ovaries |
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placenta
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-vascular organ that develops during pregnancy in the uterine wall
-communication between maternal and fetal bloodstreams |
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pregnancy
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growth and developmental process in a woman from fertilization through embryonic and fetal periods to birth; gestation
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progesterone
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hormone produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary and the placenta of pregnant women
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puberty
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period of life when the ability to reproduce begins; secondary sex characteristics appear and gametes are produced
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uterine serosa
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outermost layer surrounding the uterus
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uterus
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-hollow, pear-shaped muscular female organ in which the embryo develops and from which menstruation occurs
-upper portion is the fundus; the middle portion is the corpus; and the lower, neck portion is the cervix |
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vagina
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tube extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body
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vulva
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external genitalia of the female; includes the labia, hymen, and clitoris
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fontanelle
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the soft spot, normally present between the cranial bones of the fetus
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albumin
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protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood
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antibody
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-protein (immunoglobulin) produced by the lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens
-an antibody is specific to an antigen and inactivates it |
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antigen
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a substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody
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basophil
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granulocytic white blood cell with granules that stain blue when exposed to a basic dye
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bilirubin
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-orange-yellow pigment in bile
-it is formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells die |
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coagulation
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blood clotting
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colony-stimulating factor
(CSF) |
protein that stimulates the growth and proliferation of white blood cells (granulocytes)
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differentiation
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change in structure and function of a cell as i matures; specialization
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electrophoresis
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method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge
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eosinophil
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granulocytic white blood cell with granules that stain red with the acidic dye eosin; associated with allergic reactions
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erythrocyte
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-red blood cell
-there are about 5 million per microliter (uL) or cubic millimeter (mm3) of blood |
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erythropoietin
(EPO) |
hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates formation of red blood cells
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fibrin
|
protein threads that form the basis of a blood clot
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fibrinogen
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plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process
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