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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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LIST ONE
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LIST ONE
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ZPG (Zero Population Growth)
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Type of growth experienced in stage 4 countries
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Dependency Ratio
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Ratio of workers to people too old or too young to work. Ex: The US will have a high
dependency ratio when the baby boomers retire because there will be a lot of older retired people |
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Demographic Momentum
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The idea that, even after the CBR begins to drop, the population continues to rise
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Replacement Rate
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A TFR (total fertility rate) of 2.1 = having just enough kids to replace your dying population
without growing (occurs when a country is at ZPG) |
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Brain Drain
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The large scale emigration of educated people out of LDCs
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Chain Migration
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The tendency of similar people (from same family/same town/same ethnicity) to follow
eachother while migrating. Ex: Chinese immigrants migrating into Chinatown |
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Intervening Obstacle
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Anything which blocks migration. Ex: Immigration laws blocking Latin American
immigrants |
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Guest Workers
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People (usually from Northern Africa, Middle East, or South Asia) who go to an MDC (usually
in NW Europe) to work for a few years before going home. Ex: Turkish workers going to Germany for jobs Counter-Urbanization: Movement of people from urban areas (cities) to outlying areas (suburbs or rural areas). Ex: Suburbanization |
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Relocation Diffusion
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When an idea spreads by people physically moving from one place to another and
taking it with them. Ex: Italian immigrants moving to the United States in the 1900s and bringing pizza with them |
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Uniform Landscape
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The tendency of everything to look the same due to the spread of pop culture. Ex: Malls
and shopping plazas look the same all over America |
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Isolated Language
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A language which is completely unrelated to any other language. Ex: Basque is not
related to any other language |
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Compact State
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A state (country) which is relatively circular in shape. Ex: Switzerland and Lesotho
Monotheism: Belief in one god. Ex: Christianity, Islam, and Judaism are monotheistic because they each worship only one God |
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Polytheism
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Belief in many gods. Ex: Hinduism is polytheistic because it has many Gods
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LIST TWO
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LIST TWO
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Refugees
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People who are forced to leave their country and cannot return due to fear of persecution. Ex:
Muslims were forced out of Serbia due to a war and could not return because they would be killed. |
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Demographic Transition
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5 stage model of population growth that all countries go through. Ex: Eastern
Europe is in stage 5 because its population is shrinking |
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Intervening Opportunity
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: When migration is blocked by an equally attractive alternative. Ex: Someone goes
to Busch Gardens instead of Disney because it is closer |
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International Migration
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Migration from one country to another. Ex: When the Irish immigrated into the US
during the 1800s, they were migrating internationally |
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Intranational Migration
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Migration which takes place inside a country. Ex: Moving from New York to
Florida is intranational migration |
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Hierarchical Diffusion
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When an idea diffuses down through levels of power or importance. Ex: The internet
was originally used by the researchers, then scientists, then computer professionals, then colleges and younger people, and now it is used by everyone |
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Franglais
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A mixture of French and English. Ex: Saying le weekend instead of le fin du semain
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Lingua Franca
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A language of international trade. Ex: People in other countries do business in English
because it is more widely known. |
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Universalizing Religion
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: A religion which appeals to different groups of people in different places. Ex:
Christianity is practiced by different types of people all over the world |
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Ethnic Religion
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A religion which appeals to one group of people in one place. Ex: Hinduism is mainly
practiced in India. |
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Gerrymandering
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When voting districts are drawn to benefit one political party. Ex: North Carolina’s 12th congressional district was drawn so that it would always elect Democrats
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Antecedent Boundary
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A boundary which is drawn before an area is heavily populated. Ex: When the border between US and Canada was established out west, very few people actually lived there
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Self-Determination
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The idea that an ethnicity should govern itself. Ex: The Basques in northern Spain want
their own country |
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Ethnic Cleansing
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The act of making an area ethnically homogeneous by either forcibly removing (forced
migration) a group of people or killing them (genocide). Ex: Hitler undertook an ethnic cleansing of Jews during WWII |
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Balkanization
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When an area breaks down and cannot be governed due to conflicts between ethnicities. Ex:
Yugoslavia broke apart due to conflicts among its ethnicities/nationalities |
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LIST THREE
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LIST THREE
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Centripetal Force
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A force which acts to unify a state. Ex: Our flag and national anthem instill American
pride. |
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Centrifugal Force
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A force which acts to divide a state. Ex: Canada’s two languages and cultures (English
and French Canadian) divide the country into two groups |
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Redlining
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When banks refuse to loan money to certain areas. Ex: In poor neighbourhoods, the bank won’t
give homeloans |
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Elongated State
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A state which is relatively long and thin. Ex: Chile
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Cultural Boundary
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A boundary which seperates two people based on culture. Ex: The boundary between
Germany and France is a cultural boundary as well as a political one |
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Devolution
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The act of a state giving increased power to regional governments or splitting apart entirely. Ex:
In the UK, the Scottish part was given its own parliament in 1998. Sudan voted to split into two completely separate countries |
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Pidgin Language
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A simplified mix of two languages used for basic communication between two groups. Ex:
Spanglish |
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Isogloss
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A word usage boundary which separates areas in which different words are used. Ex: In the
midwest, people say ‘pop;’ in the east, people say ‘soda.’ The line separating the two is an isogloss |
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Folk Culture
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The type of culture practiced by small, homogeneous groups. Ex: The Amish
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Pop Culture
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The type of culture practiced by large, heterogeneous groups. Ex: Jeans.
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Contagious Diffusion
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When something spreads outwards from a central point, hitting everything in its path.
Ex: The chicken pox spreading through a kindergarten classroom |
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Forced Migration
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When people are forced to migrate (turned into refugees), usually due to cultural or
political problems. Ex: Rwandan Tutsis forced to flee persecution from Rwandan Hutus during the ethnic cleansing |
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Distance Decay
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: As the distance between two things increases, the amount of interaction between them
decreases. Ex: Few people in Florida have been to the Eiffel Tower, while many people in France have been there |
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NIR (Natural Increase Rate)
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Percent of increase a country experiences. Ex: A country with an NIR of 2 will grow by 2% each year
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TFR (Total Fertility Rate)
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The average number of kids a typical woman will have during her life. Ex: In Uganda, the average woman has 7 kids
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LIST FOUR
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LIST FOUR
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Federal State
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A country in which power is shared between central and local government. Ex: The US has a central government in Washington DC and local governments in all the states
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Unitary State
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A country in which all power is held by the central government. Ex: In France, the central government control the entire country
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Supranationalism
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When three or more countries come together for shared goals and ideas to form an
organization that is above their states. Ex: The European Union is a supranational org for Europe |
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Superimposed Boundary
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A boundary which does not consider the ethnic makeup of an area. Ex: Colonial
boundaries in Africa ignored tribal boundaries |
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Prorupted State
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A state which is relatively compact (relatively circular) except for a part which juts out. Ex: Thailand is a compact state
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Nation-State
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When the borders of an ethnicity match the borders of a state. Ex: The Japanese country contains the Japanese ethnicity and the Japanese nationality
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Multiethnic State:
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A state which has two or more ethnicities. Ex: The United States has several different
major ethnic groups |
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Blockbusting
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A practice whereby real estate companies convinced people to sell houses based on the belief that housing prices were going to go down.
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Hierarchical Religion
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A religion which has a strict hierarchy and chain of command. Ex: In Roman
Catholicism things follow a hierarchy of Pope – Archbishop – Bishop - Priest |
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Autonomous Religion
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A religion which does not have a strict governing body. Ex: In Islam, there is not a
single Pope or religious figure which guides the beliefs of Muslims |
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Push Factor
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Anything which induces people to leave a place. Ex: A bad economy caused people to leave the Rust Belt
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Pull Factor
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Anything which induces people to come to a place. Ex: People are drawn to Florida by its nice
weather and low cost of living |
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Population Pyramid
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A graphical representation of a country’s population. Ex: The population pyramid for a
stage three country looks like a flat-topped pyramid |
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IMR (Infant Mortality Rate)
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The number of babies which die before their first birthday. Ex: In Angola, a bad healthcare system has lead to a high IMR
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MDC (More Developed Country)
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A country with a developed economy. Ex: The US
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LIST FIVE
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LIST FIVE
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Frontier
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An are not organized into a state/not controlled by a government. Ex: Antarctica is a frontier because it is not controlled by any government
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Sovereignty
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The ability to control your internal and external affairs. Ex: When the US was a colony, we did
not have sovereignty because we were controlled by England. When we got independence, we earned sovereignty. |
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Fragmented State
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: A state which is made up of several discontinuous (unconnected) pieces. Ex: The Philippines is a fragmented state because it is a bunch of islands
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Perforated State
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A state which has another state completely inside it. Ex: The only perforated state in the
world is South Africa, which contains the state of Lesotho inside of it |
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Subsequent Boundary
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A boundary which follows the ethnic makeup of an area. Ex: The boundary between
Czech Republic and Slovakia separates the ethnicities |
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Geometric Boundary
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A boundary which follows a line of longitude or latitude. Ex: North Korea and South
Korea are separated by the 38th parallel. |
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City State
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A city that functions as its own country. Ex: In ancient history, Athens was a city-state that
controlled its own affairs |
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Colonialism
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When a more powerful state controls a less powerful area. Ex: The English controlled colonies in India, Australia, Canada, South Africa, and other areas
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Multinational State
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A state with more than one nationality. Ex: Belgium is split between the Flemish and
Walloons |
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Nationalism
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Pride in one’s nation or state. Centripetal forces instill nationalism in your country
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Fundamentalism
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A strict adherence to, and interpretation of, your religions. Ex: Mormons who still practice polygamy (more than one wife) are considered fundamentalist
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Pilgrimage
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A religious journey to a place. Ex: Muslims pilgrimage to Mecca as a religious observation
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Literacy Rate
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The number of people who can read in a country. Ex: MDCs with good education system
have better literacy rates than LDCs |
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Creole
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When a language is created out of a mix of a colonizer and a colony. Ex: Haitian Creole is a mix of French and African languages
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Dialect
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A regional variation of a language that is understood by all speakers of that language. Ex: British and American English are two different dialects
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