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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Abdominal girth
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the measurement of the abdomen’s circumference, taken at the same place with each measurement
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Acetest
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a test that measures the presence of ketone (acetone bodies in the urine. A large quantity of acetone causes rapid change in the color of the Acetest tablet.
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Aerobic
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pertaining to the presence of air or oxygen.
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Aldrete score
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a scoring system used to determine a client’s baseline status
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Anaerobic
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pertaining to absence of air or oxygen
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Ascites
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effusion and accumulation of serous fluid in the abdominal cavity.
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Aseptic technique
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the methods used during client care to prevent microbial contamination
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Aspirate
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withdrawal of fluid or air into the barrel of a syringe or suction device
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Aspiration
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the entry of gastric contents into the tracheobronchial passages
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Autolet
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a small instrument with a lancet used to obtain capillary blood specimen
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Biopsy
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the removal and microscopic examination of tissue, performed to establish precise diagnosis
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Blood culture
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a laboratory test on serum to determine presence of infection in the blood
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Bone marrow
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specialized, soft tissue filling the spaces in cancellous bone of the epiphyses; responsible for red blood cell production
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Cannula
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a flexible tube containing a stiff, pointed trocar; the tube may be inserted into the body, guided by the trocar
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Cerebrospinal fluid
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– substance contained within the four ventricles of the brain, the subarachnoid space, ant the central canal of the spinal cord
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Clean-voided specimen
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a technique used to collect a urine specimen as free from bacterial contamination as possible without catheterizing the client
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Clinitest
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a test that measures the amount of glucose and acetone in a urine specimen
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Coagulopathy
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a pathological condition affecting the ability of the blood to coagulate
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Culture
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laboratory test involving the cultivation of microorganisms or cells in a special growth medium
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Cytological
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pertaining to the study of cells, including their formation, origin, structure, function, biochemical activities, and pathology
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Dead space
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a cavity remaining in a wound
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Debridement
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removal of dead tissue in a wound
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Dehiscence
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the separation or opening of wound layers
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Dysuria
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pain or burning on urination, may also be accompanied with difficulty in urination
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Ecchymosis
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discoloration of an area of the skin or mucous membrane resulting from extravasation of blood into the subcutaneous tissues as a result of trauma to the underlying blood vessels or of fragility of the vessel walls
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Epidural blood patch
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procedure whereby a physician injects a small amount of autologous blood into the epidural space
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Epithelialization
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the process by which epidermal cells migrate over the wound’s surface to close the top or “resurface” the wound
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Erythema
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redness or inflammation of the skin or mucous membranes, result of dilation and congestion of superficial capillaries
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Eschar
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scab or dry crust that results from excoriation of the skin
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Evisceration
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the separation of wound layers with the protrusion of abdominal organs through the wound layers
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Excoriated
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injury to the skin or other body part caused by scratching or abrasion
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Expectorate
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the act of coughing and spitting out mucus from the respiratory tract
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Exudates
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any fluid that has been extruded from a tissue or its capillaries, more specifically because of injury or inflammation
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Fiberoptic
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pertaining to fiberoptics; referring to the transmission of an image along flexible bundles of coated glass or plastic fibers having special optical properties
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Frequency
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symptom of urinary disorder involving repetitive voiding over a fixed time period
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Glomerular filtration rate
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a kidney function test that determines the amount of ultrafiltrate formed by plasma following through the glomeruli or the kidney
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Glucose monitoring
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a diagnostic test to determine the blood glucose level
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Granulation
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the presence of red, granular, moist tissue that appears during the healing of open wounds; type of tissue containing new blood vessels that bleed readily
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Guaiac test
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diagnostic test to detect blood in the stool
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Hematoma
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collection of extravasated blood trapped in the tissues of the skin or in an organ; results from trauma or incomplete coagulation
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Hematuria
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abnormal presence of blood in the urine
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Hemolysis
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the destruction of red blood cells
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Hemostasis
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termination of bleeding by mechanical or chemical means or by the coagulation process of the body
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Herniation
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the abnormal protrusion of an organ or other body structure through a defect or natural opening in a covering, membrane, muscle, or bone
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Hydrocolloid
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an adhesive, moldable wafer made of a carbohydrate-based material, usually with a waterproof backing
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Intestinal obstruction
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any obstruction that results in failure of the contents of the intestine to pass through the lumen of bowel
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Intraabdominal pressure
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amount of tension within the abdominal cavity
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Intracranial pressure
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pressure exerted by cerebrospinal fluid within the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord
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Intravenous conscious sedation
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the intravenous administration of pharmacological agents to provide a minimally depressed level of consciousness to provide comfort during diagnostic or treatment procedures
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Ischemia
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a decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a body organ or part
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Ketones
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an organic chemical compound with two compounds attached to it
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Lavage
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the irrigation or washing out of an organ or cavity
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Lumens
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the hollow channel within a tube
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Macerated
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to soften, usually by soaking in water
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Maceration
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skin that becomes abnormally soft and breaks down because of prolonged exposure to moisture
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Manometer
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an instrument for measuring pressure or tension of liquids or gases
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Meatus
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any opening or tunnel through any part pf the body ( eg: the point at which the urethra opens to the skin
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Medullary
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of or pertaining to the medulla of the brain
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Megakaryocyte
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precursor of platelets found in blood marrow
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Melena
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darkening of the feces by blood pigments
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Midstream
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procedure in which the client initiates a stream, and then withdraws the cup before the stream of urine stops
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Minimal sedation
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lightest level of sedation; includes local and topical anesthetics and peripheral nerve blocks
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Moderate sedation
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a drug-induced depression of consciousness during which clients respond purposefully to verbal commands, either alone or accompanied by light tactile stimulation
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Modified ramsay sedation scale
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a numeric rating scale used to evaluate client’s level of sedation
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Necrosis
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localized tissue death
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Neovascularization
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the process by which the vascular network in a wound is generated A.K.A. angiogenesis
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Occlusive dressing
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a dressing that prevents air from reaching a wound or lesion and retains moisture, heat, body fluids, and medication
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Occult blood
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blood that appears from a nonspecific source, with obscure signs and symptoms
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Percutaneous coronary intervention
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procedures such as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or directional coronary atherectomy performed during cardiac catheterization
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Peritoneal fluid
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substance in the abdominal cavity for lubrication of peritoneal membrane and internal organs
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Ph
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reflection of the hydrogen ion concentration of a liquid
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Platelet
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formed particle found in blood that relates directly to the ability of the blood to clot
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Portal hypertension
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an increased venous pressure in the portal circulation caused by compression or by occlusion at the portal or hepatic vascular system
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Positive patient identification
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a term that means the client is positively identified, usually via at least two identifiers, before the delivery of care
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Precordial
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of or pertaining to the precordium, which forms the region over the heart and the lower part of the thorax
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Pressure dressing
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a temporary treatment for the control of excessive bleeding; pressure dressings require elastic bandages to maintain the pressure and may also require the application of sandbags adjacent to the dressing to augment pressure
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Pressure ulcer
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a lesion that develops in the skin as a result of prolonged, unrelieved pressure
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Radiopaque
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not permitting the passage of x-rays or other radiant energy
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Reactive hyperemia
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– the return of blood to an area of tissue upon the release of externally applied pressure
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Reagent
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chemical used to indicate the presence of a particular substance
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Renal
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pertaining to the kidney
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Risk assessment tool
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evaluation protocols for assessing the likelihood for the development of pressure ulcers; two such protocols are the Braden scale and the Norton scale, which assess the following five risk factors; physical condition, mental state, activity, mobility, and incontinence
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Secondary dressing
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a dressing used to cover or hold primary dressings in place
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Sensitivity
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laboratory test used in conjunction with culture; it measures the response of microorganisms to antibiotics that have been placed on a culture plate
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Shear
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any tension that stretches the skin during turning or moving in bed
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Slough
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necrotic tissue in the process of separating from viable portions of the body
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Stopcock
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a valve that controls the flow of fluid or air through a tube
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Subarachnoid space
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situated or occurring between the arachnoid and the pia mater membranes, which cover the brain and spinal cord
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Thrombocytopenia
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a decrease in circulation platelets
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Timed urine collection
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the collection of urine for a specific period of time
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Topical agents
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pertaining to a drug or treatment applied to the surface part of the body
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Tourniquet
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an item used for the compression of blood vessels
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Tracheobronchial tree
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anatomical divisions of the respiratory tract, including the combination of trachea, bifurcations into the right and left mainstem bronchi, and subsequent bifurcations into smaller bronchi and bronchioles
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Trocar
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a sharp, pointed rod that fits inside a tube; used to pierce the skin and the wall of a cavity or canal in the body to aspirate fluids, to instill a medication or solution, or to guide the placement of a soft catheter
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Undermining
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condition of a wound in which the loss of underlying tissues is greater than the loss of the skin
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Urgency
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the need to void immediately
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Vacutainer tube
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a glass tube with a rubber stopper; air has been removed to create a vacuum
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Venipuncture
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technique in which a vein is punctured transcutaneously by a sharp rigid stylet (such as a butterfly needle), a cannula (such as an angiocatheter that contains a flexible plastic catheter), or a needle attached to a syringe
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Void
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the process of emptying the bladder of urine; urinate; micturate
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Wound vacuum assisted closure
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a type of therapy that speeds wound healing by applying localized negative pressure to draw the edges of a wound together
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