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19 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Allegory ​(1)
A story, fictional or nonfictional, in which characters, things, and events represent qualities or concepts. The interaction of these characters, things, and events is meant to reveal an abstraction or a truth. These characters, etc. may be symbolic of the ideas referred to. For example, an author may intend the characters to personify an abstraction like hope or freedom.
Alliteration ​(1)
The repetition of initial identical consonant sounds. Or, vowel sounds in successive words or syllables that repeat.
Allusion​(1)
­An indirect reference to something (usually a literary text, although it can be other things commonly known such as plays, movies, t.v. shows) with which the readers is supposed to be familiar. Allusion is often used with humorous intent, to establish a connection between writer and reader, or to make a subtle point. e.g., “He met his Waterloo.”
Ambiguity​(1)
­An event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way. Also, the manner of expression of such an event or situation may be ambiguous. Artful language may be ambiguous. Unintentional ambiguity is usually vagueness.
Anadiplosis­​(1)
­ Beginning a sentence or clause by repeating the last word or words of the previous sentence or clause. Repetition of the words adds rhythm and cadence. The repeated words are emphasized. “Fear is the path to the Dark Side. Fear leads to anger. Anger​leads to hate. Hate​leads to suffering.” ­Yoda
Analogy​(1)
­An analogy is a comparison to a directly parallel case. When a writer uses an analogy, he or she argues that a claim reasonable for one case is reasonable for the analogous case.
Anaphora​(1)
­Repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. This is a deliberate form of repetition and helps make the writer's point more coherent.
Antecedent​(1)
­The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. The AP language exam occasionally asks for the antecedent of a given pronoun in a long, complex sentence or in a group of sentences.(example: If I could command the wealth of all the world by lifting my finger, I would not pay such a price for it. An AP question might read: "What is the antecedent for "it"?)
Anticlimax​­(1)
Using a sequence of ideas that abruptly diminish in importance at the end of a sentence, generally for satirical effect. "He has seen the ravages of war, he has known natural catastrophes, he has been to singles bars.” (Woody Allen, "Speech to the Graduates")
Antimetabole​­(1)
Reversal of the order of repeated words or phrases to present alternatives or to provide contrast. (AB­BA)"I can write better than anybody who can write faster, and I can write faster than anybody who can write better.” (A. J. Liebling)
Antithesis​(1)
Two opposite or contrasting words, phrases, or clauses, or even ideas. (example: "Bill's work in school was the antithesis of his sister's. Her homework was tidy and ontime, while Bill's was sloppy and late." or " Darkness is the antithesis of light." or "New York is the antithesis of Nome Alaska."
Aphorism​(1)
­ A terse statement which expresses a general truth or moral principle. An aphorism can be a memorable summation of the author's point. It's often equated as a synonym with "adage" or "saying" or "proverb". Ben Franklin wrote many of these in Poor Richard's Almanac such as " God helps them that help themselves" (Other examples: "A watched pot never boils." or " Nothing comes to those who wait."
Apostrophe​(1)
­ A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. The effect may add familiarity or emotional intensity. William Wordsworth addresses John Milton as he writes, "Milton thou shouldst be living at this hour: England hath need of thee."
Archetype ­​(1)
An original pattern or model after which all things like it are modeled. A perfect example of a type or group.
Assonance​(1)
­ Repetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity. Causal Relationship ­ In causal relationships, a writer asserts that one thing results from another. To show how one thing produces or brings about another is often relevant in establishing a logical argument.
Atmosphere​­ (1)
The emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author’s choice of objects that are described. Even such elements as description of the weather can contribute to the atmosphere. Frequently atmosphere foreshadows events.
Asyndeton​­ (1)
consists of omitting conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses. This can give the effect of unpremeditated multiplicity, of an extemporaneous rather than a labored account. Asyndetic lists can be more emphatic than if a final conjunction were used. Ex. On his return he received medals, honors, treasures, titles, fame. They spent the day wondering, searching, thinking, understanding.
Clause​(1)
­ A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a ver. 1) An independent, or main, clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. 2) A dependent, or subordinate, clause cannot stand alone as a sentence and must be accompanied by an independent clause. (Example: "Other than baseball, football is my favorite sport." In this sentence, the independent clause is "football is my favorite sport" and the dependent clause is "Other than baseball" Cliche—an expression that has been overused to the extent that its freshness has worn off (“A penny saved is a penny earned.”)
Colloquial​(1)
­ Ordinary or familiar type of conversation.