Vocab Reform

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Nativists

Back 1

anti-immigrant sentiment. socio-political positions taken up by those who identify themselves as "native-born"

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Native American Association:

Back 2

Party formed by the Indians.

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Know-Nothings:

Back 3

a nativist American political movement of the 1850s

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"water power towns"

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Used near a river or stream to energize their town

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Gov. DeWitt Clinton

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Mayor of New York City and Governor of New York State. Father of the Erie Canal

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Erie Canal:

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runs from the Hudson River, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean.

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"Tom Thumb":

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First Steam Engine: Experimented 1829 by Elicott Mill

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Samuel F. B. Morse

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: an American inventor, and painter of portraits and historic scenes

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Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge (1837):

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charter by the state of Massachusetts to operate a toll bridge

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corporation:

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: a business or organization formed by a group of people, and it has rights and liabilities separate from those of the individuals involved.

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Limited liability:

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: A business structure that is a hybrid of a partnership and a corporation. Its owners are shielded from personal liability and all profits and losses pass directly to the owners without taxation of the entity itself.

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"Putting-out" system

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: a popular system of cloth production in Europe.

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Lowell or Waltham System

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: paternalistic textile factory system of the early 19th century that relied almost exclusively on young, unmarried women laborers

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Lowell Girls:

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women who worked in the Paternalistic Textile factory

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Factory Girls Association:

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one of the first American labor organizations organized by and for women

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"express contract":

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a contract in which all elements are specifically stated, and the terms are stated

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Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842):

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not inherently illegal for workers to organize a union of try to compel recognition of that union by means of a strike.

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"Cult of Domesticity":

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a woman's role in marriage was to Maintain the home as a refuge for her husband, Train the children, Set a moral example for children to follow

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Oberlin College

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: a small liberal arts college in Oberlin, Ohio. It was founded in 1833

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Mary Lyon

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: the founder of the Mount Holyoke Female Seminary in South Hadley

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Godey's Lady's Book:

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a popular United States magazine among women. In the 1860s Godey's considered itself the "queen of monthlies."

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minstrels:

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An indigenous form of American entertainment consisting of comic skits, variety acts, dancing, and music, usually performed by white people in blackface

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P. T. Barnum:

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: remembered for his entertaining hoaxes and for founding the circus that eventually became Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus.

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John Deere:

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developed the world's first commercially successful, self-scouring steel plow, closely parallels the settlement and development of the Midwestern United States

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Cyrus H. McCormick

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: inventor of the mechanical reaper in 1831

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Romanticism:

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an artistic and intellectual movement in the history of ideas that originated in late 18th century Western Europe. Stressed strong emotion

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Hudson River School:

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encompasses two generations of painters inspired by Thomas Cole's, awesomely Romantic images of America's wilderness

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James Fennimore Cooper:

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best known for his stories of frontier life and pioneer adventure. His most popular work is The Last of the Mohicans(1832)

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Herman Melville

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: best known for his novels of the sea and especially for his masterpiece Moby Dick (1851)

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Edgar Allen Poe:

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: American poet, a master of the horror tale, credited with practically inventing the detective story.

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Transcendentalism:

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A loose collection of eclectic ideas about literature, philosophy, religion, social reform, and the general state of American culture

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Ralph Waldo Emerson:

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: a major American poet, philosopher and center of the American Transcendental movement.

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Self-Reliance:

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the first or only exposure students get to Emerson's thought

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Henry David Thoreau:

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was an American essayist, poet, and practical philosopher, best-known for his autobiographical story of life in the woods, Walden

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Walden:

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: by Henry David Thoreau is one of the best-known non-fiction books written by an American. Published in 1854

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On Civil Disobedience:

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encompasses the active refusal to obey certain laws, demands and commands of a government or of an occupying power without resorting to physical violence

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utopian socialism:

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: the first currents of modern Socialist thought

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communitarianism

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A member or supporter of a small cooperative or a collectivist community.

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Brook Farm:

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a transcendentalist Utopian experiment, was put into practice by transcendentalist former Unitarian minister George Ripley at a farm in West Roxbury, Massachusetts, at that time nine miles from Boston

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George Ripley:

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minister of the Purchase Street Church in Boston, 1826-41, was a central figure in the Transcendentalist movement of the 1830s and 40s, a founder in 1841 of the Brook Farm commune

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Robert Owen:

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a Welsh social reformer. He is considered the "Father" of the cooperative movement.

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New Harmony:

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town located in Posey County, Indiana

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John Humphrey Noyes:

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1811-86, American reformer, founder of the Oneida community, b. Brattleboro