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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hemoglobin
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The molecule in blood cells that transports oxygen
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Locus
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The specific location of a gene or DNA sequence on a chromosome
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Allele
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The alternative form of a gene or DNA sequence that occurs at a given locus. Some loci only have one allele, some have two. Alleles occur in pairs one on each chromosome
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Mendel's Law of Segregation
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Sex cells contain one of each pair of alleles
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Co-dominant
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Both alleles affect the phenotype of a heterozygous genotype, and neither is dominant over the other
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Mendel's Law of Independent assortment
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the segregation of any pair of chromosomes does not affect the probability of segregation for other pairs of chromosomes
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Polygenic
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A complex genetic trait affected by two or more loci. When several loci act to control a trait many different kinds of phenotypes and genotypes can occur.
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Pleiotropy
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A single allele that has multiple effects on an organism. Such as sickle cell anemia
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Polymorphic
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when there is more than one allele at a locus
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Monomorphic
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Only one allele at a locus
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Genotype
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genetic code for phenotype
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Hemizygous
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When the heterozygote has an intermediate phenotype between the two homozygotes
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Linkage Equilibrium
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Completely unlinked genes
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Linkage disequilibrium
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Two completely linked genes
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Heritability
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the proportion of total variation of a trait due to genetic variation
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Hemizygous
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When the heterozygote has an intermediate phenotype between the two homozygotes
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Mendel's law of segregation
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At any locus, you have two alleles, a paternal and maternal chromosome
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Polygenic
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When many loci affect one trait
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Pleiotropic
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When one locus affects many traits
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Mitochondrial DNA
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The small amount of DNA in the mitochrondria, inherited through the mother only
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Continuous Trait
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can have any possible value within a given range of human variation
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Discrete trait
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Have a finite number of phenotypes
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Complex traits
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Tend to produce more individuals with average values than with extreme values
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Major genes
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genes that have the primary effect on the phenotypic distribution of a complex trait
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