Vocab Exam 3

Front 1

Catacomb

Back 1

Tunnels and niches underground for Christian burials and art

Front 2

476 AD

Back 2

The collapse of the Roman Empire

Front 3

Syncretism

Back 3

Merging ideas and imagery from different sources

i.e. christ as apollo

Front 4

Constantinople

Back 4

Center of the Eastern Byzantine empire

-today it is istanbul

Front 5

Basilica

Back 5

Basic plan that forms the church in the shape of a cross

Front 6

Ravenna, Italy

Back 6

San Vitale --> administrative capitol for the Byzantine empire in the Holy Roman Empire

Front 7

Cross Plan

Back 7

Western plan that forms the church in the shape of a cross

Front 8

Central Plan

Back 8

Equidistant and focuses on building up rather than out

Front 9

Nave

Back 9

Center where chairs are set to face the apse

Front 10

Ambulatory

Back 10

A walkway around the apse

Front 11

Transept

Back 11

Rectangular section set crosswise to the nave, could also be referred to as the Crossing

Front 12

Icon

Back 12

symbol of another object/image

Front 13

Iconoclasm

Back 13

Belief that icons should be broken

Front 14

Apse

Back 14

Where the arch in the long side of the church where the alter is

Front 15

The Iconoclast Controversy

Back 15

The image breaker controversy, pg. 5

Front 16

Clerestory

Back 16

Series of windows that appear above the roofline

Front 17

Byzantium

Back 17

Old name for Constantinople and the country/rule name

Front 18

Illuminated Manuscript

Back 18

Handwritten book that is decorated by hand/monks

Front 19

Monasteries

Back 19

Building occupied by a community of monks where the center of learning was in the middle ages

Front 20

Codex

Back 20

Book constructed of a number of sheets with handwritten content

-manuscript

Front 21

Scriptorium (scriptoria)

Back 21

Room in monasteries devoted to reading and writing / only happened in the daytime

Front 22

Parchment / Vellum

Back 22

Stiff, Flat, Thinmaterial made from animal skin

Front 23

Chi Rho

Back 23

Monogram of the greek letters, Chi and Rho, that represent christ (cross)

Front 24

Carpet Page

Back 24

A solid page of decoration in an illuminated Manuscript

Front 25

Charlemagne

Back 25

Established central rule in Germany & France, revitalized classical past and architectural design

Front 26

Cloisonee

Back 26

Metal framework around delicate objects to make them more sturdy

Front 27

Aachen

Back 27

Illuminated Manuscript of Gospels

Front 28

Interlace

Back 28

Celtic braiding and weaving pattern. Usually done in gold foil on illuminated manuscripts or in metal on other objects

Front 29

Holy Roman Empire

Back 29

Empire that dominated the middle ages

Front 30

Sutton Hoo (England)

Back 30

Burial mound of ships buried for people in the afterlife

Front 31

Otto I (The Great)

Back 31

Holy Roman Emperor with a strong connection to the pope

Front 32

Staffordshire Hoard

Back 32

7th Century, 1500 Pieces found with low gold content, discovered in 2009 by terry herbert

Front 33

West Work

Back 33

Opposite side of the apse where the Royal portal is located

Front 34

Decorated Initial/Inhabited Initial

Back 34

Letters inhabited by animals and decorated

Front 35

Gold Leaf

Back 35

A gold leaf used to decorated Illuminated manuscripts

Front 36

Four Evangelists (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John)

Back 36

Matthew = Human/Angel

Luke = Ox

Mark = Lion

John = Eagle

Front 37

Gospels

Back 37

Accounts describing the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus

Front 38

Compound Pier

Back 38

Cluster of columns to help bear the weight of an arch

Front 39

Bay

Back 39

space between architectural elements such as a recess, arch or compound pier

Front 40

Arcade

Back 40

Succession of arches down a hallway or room

Front 41

Barrel Vault

Back 41

Vault forming a half cylinder

Front 42

Rib Vault

Back 42

Creates a two or three way intersection of barrel vaults to help support the ceiling

Front 43

Choir

Back 43

A section that starts to extend from the crossing to make the church appear more of the shape of a cross

Front 44

Reliquary

Back 44

A container that holds important relics

Front 45

Crossing

Back 45

Junction of four arms that are in the shape of a cross

Front 46

Chapels

Back 46

A private place for worship, small rounded area on the side of the church

Front 47

Royal Portal

Back 47

Opening in a wall or building located on the westwork

Front 48

Tympanum

Back 48

Located in the portal, underneath archways

Front 49

Trumeau

Back 49

Middle pillar in the doorway of a royal portal

Front 50

Jambs

Back 50

Column-like figures on the outside of the doors

Front 51

Historiated Capital

Back 51

Decorated top of a column depicting animals

Front 52

Feudalism

Back 52

Lords, kings, queens, knights

Front 53

The Crusades

Back 53

Wars brought to the middle east because the pope felt that Islam was starting a a war against christianity so they went to capture the holy land

Front 54

pilgrimage

Back 54

Journey to a holy sight in order to relieve their sins

Front 55

William the Conqueror

Back 55

First norman king of england, Battle of Hastings, from France

Front 56

The Battle of Hastings

Back 56

Started the conquest of England by the Norman-French king, William, who was angered by Harold, the king of England at the time, something to the extent of William was promised the crown but lost it

Front 57

1066 AD

Back 57

Battle of Hastings

Front 58

Transverse Arch

Back 58

Archway crossing the ceiling to help support the ceiling/roof

Front 59

Groin Vault

Back 59

intersection of four barrel vaults that round out

Front 60

Abbot Suger

Back 60

Wanted Saint-Denis to become religious center of France (See Saint Denis)

Front 61

Age of Cathedrals

Back 61

1150-1250 AD Cathedrals were built all over France/Europe

Front 62

Guild

Back 62

Organization of people with related interests

Front 63

Rose Window

Back 63

Giant circular window with symmetrical shapes that resemble a rose

Front 64

Lancets

Back 64

Usually below a rose window, in the shape of a lance

Front 65

Fly Buttress

Back 65

Extends from the side of a building to help support it, there is space between it and the building

Front 66

Buttress

Back 66

Stands next to the building to help support the walls

Front 67

Pinnacle

Back 67

Spike elements on a cathedral pointing to the sky/heavens

Front 68

Trefoil

Back 68

Three leaf clover shaped decorating object

Front 69

Quatrefoil

Back 69

Four leaf clover shaped decorating object

Front 70

Gargoyle

Back 70

Rainspout that directs the water away from the church

Front 71

Grotesque

Back 71

Devilish creature without purpose

Front 72

Triforium

Back 72

Frontal archways in front of a gallery

Front 73

Bar Tracery

Back 73

Stone Structure around the stain glass to help set it in the structure

Front 74

Rayonnant/Court Style

Back 74

Saint Chapelle: Radiate light and glowing style

Front 75

Five Pillars of Islam

Back 75

Shahadah - Monotheism

Salah - Prayer 5 times a day

Salah - Ramadahm

Zakah - Taxes for the poor

Hajj - Pilgrimage to Mecca

Front 76

Minaret

Back 76

Huge tower that is used for prayer call (part of a mosque)

Front 77

Horseshoe Arch

Back 77

Arch that forms a horseshoe

Front 78

Muhammed

Back 78

Father of Islam

Front 79

The Night of Destiny

Back 79

610 AD Gabriel visits Muhammed and causes the birth of Islam

Front 80

Mecca

Back 80

Place in yemen where the Kabba is located

Front 81

622 AD

Back 81

Muhammed moves to Medina --> When muslims start their history

Front 82

Medina

Back 82

Town in Yemen where Muhammed fled to

Front 83

Muslim

Back 83

People who submit to Allah

Front 84

Caliph

Back 84

Followers of Muhammed that were to lead Islams after Muhammed died

Front 85

Aniconism

Back 85

Avoidance of images of Holy people

Front 86

Arabesque

Back 86

Swirls in calligraphy

Front 87

Qibla Wall

Back 87

Wall of prayer that faces the Mecca that houses the Mihrab and Minbar

Front 88

Mihrab

Back 88

Niche in the Qibla Wall that points toward Mecca

Front 89

Minbar

Back 89

Located on the Qibla Wall which is where the Imam preaches (mosque leader)