Vocab Cns Pharm

Front 1

Acute Pain

Back 1

Pain that is sudden inonset usually susides when treated less than 3month

Front 2

Adjuvant analgesic agent

Back 2

A drug that is added as a second drug for combined therapy with a primary drug and may have additive analgesic properites

Front 3

Partial agonist

Back 3

A substance that binds to a recptor and causes a partial response that is not as strong as that coused by an agonist.

Front 4

Analgesics

Back 4

Medications that relieve pain without cuasing loss of consciousness

Front 5

Antagonist

Back 5

An agent that binds to a receptor and prevents (blocks) a response

Front 6

Central Pain

Back 6

Pain resultin g form any disorder that cddauses central nervous system

Front 7

Gate Theory

Back 7

The most common and well described theory of pain transmission and pain relief. It uses a gate model to explain how impulses from damged tissues are sensed in the brain

Front 8

Neuropathic pain

Back 8

Pain that results from a disturbance of function or pathologic change in a nerve

Front 9

Nonopiod analgesics

Back 9

Analgesics that are not classified a opiods

Front 10

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Back 10

A large chemically diverse group of drugs that are nalgesics and also possess antiinflammatory and antipyretic actifvity but are not steriods

Front 11

Opioid analgesics

Back 11

Synthetic narcotic agents that bind to the mu, kappa, and delta receptors to relieve pain but are not themselves derived from the opium plant

Front 12

Opioid tolerance

Back 12

A physiologic reult of long-term opioid use in which larger doses of opiods are required to maintain the same level of analgesia

Front 13

Pain threshold

Back 13

The level of stimulus that results in the preception of pain

Front 14

Referred pain

Back 14

Pain occurring in an area away from the organ of origin. ex. left arm in heart attack

Front 15

Somatic pain

Back 15

Pain thatoriginates from skeletal muscles, ligaments, or joints

Front 16

Vascular Pain

Back 16

Pain that results from pathology of the vascular or perivascular tissues ex migraine headache

Front 17

Visceral pain

Back 17

Pain that originates from organs or smooth muscles

Front 18

Chronic Pain

Back 18

Arthritis last more than 3months

Front 19

Superficial Pain

Back 19

Skin

Front 20

Neuropathic pain

Back 20

Shingles

Front 21

Opioid

Back 21

Morphine

Front 22

Opioid

Back 22

Codiene

Front 23

Opioid

Back 23

Meperidine hydrochloride (demeral)

Front 24

Opioid

Back 24

Mathadone hydorchloride (Dolophine)

Front 25

Opioid Antagonist

Back 25

Naloxone hydrochloride (Narcan)

Front 26

Three chemcical clsses of opioids

Back 26

Morphine
Mepridine
Methodone

Front 27

Anesthertics

Back 27

Are agents thaqt depress the CNS which in turn produces depression of consciousness, loss of responsiveness to sensory stimulation or muscle relaxation

Front 28

Balanced Anesthesia

Back 28

The practice of using combination of drugs rather than using a single agent to produce anesthesia Common combinations include use of sedative hypnotic and antianxiety agent an analgesic, an antiemetic and anticholinergic

Front 29

Partial agonist

Back 29

binds to a receptor and causes only limited actions

Front 30

Agonist

Back 30

binds to a receptor and causes a response

Front 31

Opioids
Indications:

Back 31

Alleviate moderate to severe pain.

Front 32

Adjuvant Analgesic Agents

Back 32

Assist the primary agents in relieveing pain ie; NSAIDS, Antidepressants, anticonvulsants and corticosteroids (cancer pains)

Front 33

Opioids

Back 33

Morphine Sulfate
Codeine Sulfate
Demerol
Dolophine

Front 34

Opoid antagonist

Back 34

Naloxone hydrochloride (Narcan) Antidote
Naltrexone hydrocholoride

Front 35

Opoid Antagonist
Side Effects

Back 35

CNS depression, Cardio, GI, Genitorurinary, Resp. Itchy

Front 36

Nonopioid Analgesic agents

Back 36

Acetaminophen, NSAIDS
Antipyretic an analgesic

Front 37

Nonopioid
S/A effects

Back 37

rash n/v, nephrotoxicities, large amounts cause hepatic necrosis

Front 38

Antidote for Acetaminophen

Back 38

Acetylcysteine

Front 39

Two categories of anesthetics

Back 39

inhalded and injectable

Front 40

Anesthetic drug effect

Back 40

orderly and sstematic pralysis of the CNS

Front 41

Anesthetic Contraindications

Back 41

Drug allergy, pregnancy, narrow angle glaucomea, hypetension from prior use.

Front 42

parenteral anesthetics

Back 42

can be administered into the CNS by various spinal injection techniques (lidocaine, mepivacaine, procaine,a nd tetracaine)

Front 43

Neuromuscular blocking Agents

Back 43

Prevent nerve transmission in certain muscles, leading to paralysis of the muscle

Front 44

Central Nervous System Depressants

Back 44

Sleep: REM 25-35% Most important 5 stages of sleep

Front 45

Rebound sleep

Back 45

when REM sleep is decreased strong tendency to make it up Sedative Hypnotics

Front 46

Barbiturates

Back 46

Reduce oveall CNS alertness Drug tolerance can occur as well as dependence: Ultra short

Front 47

Benzodiazepines

Back 47

Sedative/hypnotic of choice, low doses reduce anxiety can calm and sedate w/o drowsiness

Front 48

Muscoskeletal Relaxants
2 categories

Back 48

Centrally and Peripherally acting relaxants

Front 49

Centrally Acting
Mechanism of Action
Indications
Contraindications

Back 49

Unknown but act by CNS depression
Acute spasms from muscle trauma and drug allergy and renal impairment

Front 50

Peripheralor Direct Acting
Mechanism of Action
Indications
Contraindications

Back 50

acts on muscles min. effect on CNS mild weakness of S.M. and decreases the force of reflex muscle movements & spasticity

Front 51

Antiepileptic Agents
Drug Classes

Back 51

Benzodiazepines: Lorazepan
BarbituratesL Phenobrbital
Carbamazepine: Tegretol
Valproic acid: Depakene
Topiramate: Topamax
Hydantoins: Dilantin
Succinimides: Ethosuxmide
Gabapentine: Neurontin

Front 52

Antiparkinsonian Agents
Parkinson's deisease

Back 52

A dopamine deficiency occurs in the bal ganglia, slowly progressive degenerative neurologic disorder characterized by resting termor, pill rolling of the fingers shuffling gait muscle rigid and weakness

Front 53

Treatment of Parkinson

Back 53

Promote secreetion of dopamine and inhibit cholinergic effects with anitcholinergic drugs

Front 54

Antiparkinsonian Agents
Anticholinergic

Back 54

benztropine, biperiden, procyclidine, trihexyphenidyl
reduce rigidity and tremors

Front 55

Antiparkinsonian Agents
Antihistamines

Back 55

diphenhydramine, orphenadrine

Front 56

Antiparkinsonian Agents
Dopamine receptor agonists

Back 56

bromocriptine, levodopa-carbidopa, pergolide, pramipexole, ropinirole, selegiline

Front 57

Antiparkinsonian Agents
Implications

Back 57

Assist in walking because Dizziness may occur, Force fluids, Avoid foods high in B6 cause reverse of levodopa, MAOI's can cause hypertensive crisis

Front 58

Antiparkinsonian Agents
COMT inhibitors

Back 58

In hibit the enzyme COMT which breaks down dopamine molecules

Front 59

Drugs Classes Used in Anxiety Disorders

Back 59

Antihistamines and misc. anxiolytic agents Benzodiazepines

Front 60

Benzodiazepines
S/A Effects

Back 60

drowsiness, hangover, sedation, lethargy, report: abuse, blodd cyscrasisa, and hepatotoxicity

Front 61

Drugs Use in Anxiety Disorders
Benzodiazepines

Back 61

Xanax, librium, Valium, Diazepam, Lorazepam

Front 62

Drugs Use in Anxiety Disorders
Antihistamines

Back 62

Hydroxyzine(vistrail, Atarax)
blurred vision, constipation, dryness of mouth, throuat or nose sedation report dizziness, slurred speech

Front 63

Drugs Use in Anxiety Disorders
Azaspirones:

Back 63

Buspirone (Buspar)partial serotonis agaonist. non habit or sedating

Front 64

Antimanic Agents

Back 64

Lithium Serum level 1.0 to 1.5 mEq/L levels exceeding 2.0 to 2.5 produce moderate to severe toxicity

Front 65

Drug Therapy for depression

Back 65

MOAI(Nardil), SSRI (Prozac), Tricyclic (Elavil), Misc (wellbutrin)

Front 66

Antipsychotic Agents
Phenothiazine
(Chlorpromazine)

Back 66

Low potency agent, Psychotic disorders and schizophrenia

Front 67

Antipsychotic Agents
Thioxanthenes (thiothixene)

Back 67

High potency, blocks receptors for dopamine, acth, hitaine and morepinephrine I: Sch/otr psy disorder

Front 68

Antipsychotic Agents
Butyropheneones
(Haloperidol)

Back 68

High potency nerolepitcs and blocks receptors for dopamine acth, histamine, and norepinephrine I: Schiz, acute psy, tourettes

Front 69

Antipsychotic Agents
Dihydroindolones
(molindone)

Back 69

blocks dopamine receptors in the brain for psychotic disorders and schiz

Front 70

Antipsychotic Agents
Atypical antipsychoitcs
(Clozapine)

Back 70

Bokcs actoin on receptors like serotin, alph adrenergic and histamine for patients with sever schizophrenia risk of fatal agranulocytosis

Front 71

Amphetamines

Back 71

produce mood elevation or euphoria increase mental alertness adn capacity for work used to treat ADHD and narcolespy

Front 72

Anorexiants

Back 72

suprrss appetit and tused for exogenous obesity

Front 73

Serotonin agonists

Back 73

treat migraine headaches by stimulat 5ht1 receptors and constriction of dialted blood vessels in the brain and relas or inflammatory neuropeptides