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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
axial
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in the trigonal bipyramidal electron-pair geometry, the two positions directly across from each other
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bent
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the molecular geometry of a triatomic molecule or ion in which the bond angle is less than 180 degrees
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bond angle
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the angle between two atoms bonded to a central atom
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bond axis
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an imaginary line connecting the nuclei of two bonded atoms
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bond dissocitiation enthalpy
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the enthalpy change for breaking a bond in a molecule, with the reactants and products in the gas phase at standard conditions. Also called bond energy
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bond length
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the distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms
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bond order
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the number of bonding electron pairs shared by two atoms in a molecule or polyatomic ion
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bond pair
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two electrons, shared by two atoms, that contribute to the bonding attraction between the atoms
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bond
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an interaction between atoms that holds them together by reducing the potential energy of their electrons
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bonding pair
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a pair of electrons that is shared between two atoms
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chemical bond
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an attractive force between two atoms that causes the atoms to be attached together
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coordinate covalent bond
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a bond in which both electrons in the bond were contributed by the same atom
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core electrons
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the electrons in an atoms completed set of shells
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covalent bond
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an interatomic attraction resulting from the sharing of electrons between atoms
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covalent compound
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a compound formed by atoms that are held together by only covalent bonds
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dipole-dipole attraction
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the electrostatic force between two molecules that have permanent dipole moments
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dipole moment
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a measure of the degree of charge separation in a molecule which is the product of the positive charge, Q, in electrostatic units and the distance
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double bond
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a covalent bond formed by sharing two pairs of electrons, one pair in a sigma bond and the other pair in a pi bond
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electron-pair geometry
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the geometry determined by all the bond pairs and lone pairs in the valence shell around a central atom
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electronegativity
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a measure of the ability of an atom in a molecule to attract shared electrons to itself
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electroneutrality principle
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electrons will be distributed in such a way that the charges on all atoms are as close to zero as possible
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equatorial
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in the trigonal bi-pyramidal electron-pair geometry, the three positions in a plane midway between the two axial positions
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formal charge
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the charge on an atom in a molecule or ion, which is determined by comparing the number of valence electrons in the element to the number of electrons from assigning lone pairs solely to the atom and evenly splitting bonding pairs between the atoms forming a bond
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free radical
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a neutral atom or molecule containing an unpaired electron, which is usually very reactive
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intermolecular forces
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interactions between molecules, between ions, or between molecules and ions
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ionic bond
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the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions
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isoelectronic species
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molecules or ions that have the same number of valence electrons and similar Lewis structures
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lewis electron dot symbol
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a notation for the valence electron configuration of an atom
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lewis structure
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a representation of a covalently bonded species in which a lone pair that belongs olely to one atom is represented by two dots, and a pair of electrons that is shared between two atoms as a bond is represented by a line connecting the two atoms
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linear
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the molecular geometry of a triatomic molecule or ion with a bond angle of 180 degrees
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lone pair
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a pair of valence electrons that belongs solely to one atom, and does not contribute to bonding in a covalent molecule
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molecular geometry
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the arrangement in space of a central atom and the atoms directly attached to it
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nonbonding electrons
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electrons that are not shared between atoms in a covalent species, and belong solely to one atom
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nonpolar covalent bond
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a covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally between the two bonded atoms, which has a dipole moment of zero
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octahedral
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the electron-pair geometry when six groups are connected to a central atom, and the molecular geometry when all six groups in an octahedral electron-paoir geometry are atoms
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octet
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a stable configuration of eight valence electrons in completed s and p subshells
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octet rule
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when forming bonds, atoms of main group elements gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a stable configuration having eight valence electrons
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partial charge
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the charge on an atom in a molecule that is calculated by assuming sharing of the bonding electrons proportional to the electronegativity of the atom
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polar covalent bond
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a covalent bond in which there is unequal sharing of the bonding electron pair
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resonance hybrid
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the actual structure of a molecule or ion that exhibits resonance
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resonance structures
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the possible structure of a molecule for which more than one lewis structure can be written, differing by the number of bond pairs between a given pair of atoms
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seesaw
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the molecular geometry when four atoms and one lone pair are connected to a central atom with the trigonal bipyramidal electron-pair geometry
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single bond
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a covalent bond formed by sharing one pair of electrons in a sigma bond
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square planar
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the molecular geometry when four atoms and two lone pairs are connected to a central atom with the octahedral electron-pair geometry
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square pyramidal
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the molecular geometry when five atoms and one lone pair are connected to a central atom with the octahedral electron-pair geometry
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t-shaped
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the molecular geometry when three atoms and two lone pairs are connected to a central atom with the trigonal bipyramidal electron-pair geometry
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tetrahedral
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the electron-pair geometry having four groups connected to a central atom, and the molecular geometry when all four groups in a tetrahedral electron-pair geometry are atoms
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trigonal bipyramidal
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the electron pair geometry when five groups are connected to a central atom, and the molecular geometry when all five groups in a trigonal bipyramidal electron pair geometry are atoms
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trigonal planar
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the electron-pair geometry having three groups connected to a central atom, and the molecular geometry that results when all there groups connected to a central atom with the trigonal planar electron pair geometry are atoms
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trigonal pyramidal
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the molecular geometry when three atoms and one lone pair are connected to a central atom with the tetrahedral electron pair geometry
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triple bond
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a covalent bond formed by sharing three pairs of electrons, one pair in a sigma bond and the other two in pi bonds
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valence electrons
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the outermost and most reactive electrons of an atom
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valence shell electron pair repulsion model (VSEPR)
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a model for predicting the shapes of molecules in which structural electron pairs are arranged around each atom to minimize electron-electron repulsions by maximizing the distance between them
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