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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Bedding Plane
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A flat surface separating two beds of sedimentary rock
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Beds (strata)
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Parallel layers of sedimentary rock
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Biochemical
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A type of chemical sediment that forms when material dissolved in water is precipitated by water-dwelling organism. Shells are common examples of this.
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Cementation
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One way in which sedimentary rocks are lithified. Open spaces are filled and particles are joined into a solid mass
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Chemical sedimentary
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Sedimentary rock consisting of material that was precipitated from water by either inorganic or organic means
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Clastic Texture
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A sedimentary rock texture consisting of broken fragments or preexisting rock
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Compaction
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A type of lithification in which the weight of overlying material compresses more deeply buried sediment. Important for shale
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Cross-bedding
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Structure in which relatively thin layers are inclined at an angle to the main bedding formed by currents of wind or water
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Crystalline texture
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A term for the texture of sedimentary rocks in which the minerals form a pattern of interlocking crystals.
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Detrital sedimentary rock
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Rocks that form from the accumulation of materials that originate and are transported as solid particles derived from both mechanical and chemical weathering
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diagenesis
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A collective term for all the chemical, physical, and biological changed that take place after sediments are deposited and during and after lithification
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Environment of deposition
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A geographic setting where sediment accumulates
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Facies
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A portion of a rock unit that possesses a distinctive set of characteristics that distinguishes it form other parts of the same unit
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Fissility
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The property of splitting easily into thin layers along closely spaced, parallel surfaces, such as bedding planes in shale
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Fossil
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The remains or traces of organism preserved from the geologic past
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graded bed
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A sediment layer characterized by a decrease in sediment size from bottom to top
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lithification
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The process, generally cementation and/or compaction, of converting sediments to solid rock
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Mud crack
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A feature in some sedimentary rocks that forms when wet mud dries out, shrinks and cracks
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Nonclastic texture
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A term for the texture of sedimentary rocks in which the minerals form a pattern of interlocking crystals
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organic sedimentary rock
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Sedimentary rock composed of organic carbon from the remains of plants that died and accumulated on the floor of a swamp. Coal is the primary example.
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ripple mark
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Small waves of sand that develop on the surface of a sediment layer by the action of moving water or air
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Salt flat
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A white crust on the ground produced when water evaporates and leaves its dissolved materials behind
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Sedimentary Environment
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A geographic setting where sediment accumulates
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Sorting
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the degree of similarity in particle size in sediment or sedimentary rock
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