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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mass is neither created nor destroyed
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law of conservation of mass
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a given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass
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law of definite proportion
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a law stating that when two elements form a series of compounds, the ratios of the masses of the second element that combines with one gram of the first element can always be reduced to small whole numbers
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law of multiple proportions
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the weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occurring element
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atomic weights
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- the rays emanating from the negative electrode (cathode) in a partially evacuated tube; a stream of electrons
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cathode ray
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a negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus of an atom
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electron
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the spontaneous decomposition of a nucleus to form a different nucleus
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radioactivity
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an atom having a dense center of positive charge (the nucleus) with electrons moving around the outside
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nuclear atom
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the small, dense center of positive charge in an atom
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nucleus
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positively charged particle in an atomic nucleus
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proton
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a particle in the atomic nucleus with a mass virtually equal to the proton but with no charge
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neutron
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atoms of the same element (same number of protons) with different number of neutrons. They have identical atomic numbers, but different mass numbers
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isotopes
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the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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atomic number
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the total number of protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus of an atom
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mass number
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the force or, more accurately, the energy, that holds two atoms together in a compound
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chemical bond
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type of bond in which electron are shared by atoms
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covalent bond
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a bonded collection of two or more atoms of the same or different elements
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molecule
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the representation of a molecule in which the symbols for the elements are used to indicate the types of atoms present and subscripts are used to show the relative numbers of atoms
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chemical formula
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the representation of a molecule in which the relative positions of the atoms are shown and the bonds are indicated by lines
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structural formula
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a model of a molecule showing the relative sizes of the atoms and their relative orientations
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space-filling model
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a molecular model that distorts the sizes of atoms but show bond relationships clearly
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ball-and-stick model
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an atom or a group of atoms that has a net positive or negative charge
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ion
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positive ion
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cation
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negative ion
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anion
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the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
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ionic bond
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a solid containing cations and anions that dissolves in water to give a solution containing the separated ions which are mobile and thus free to condust electrical current
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ionic solid (salt)-
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an ion containing a number of ions
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polyatomic ion
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a chart showing all the elements arranged in columns with similar chemical properties
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periodic table
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an element that gives up electrons relatively easily and is lustrous, malleable, and a good conductor of heat and electricity
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metal
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an element not exhibiting metallic characteristics. Chemically, a typical nonmetal accepts electrons from a metal
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nonmetal
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a vertical column of elements having the same valence electron configuration and showing similar properties
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group (family)
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a group 1A metal
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alkali metals
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a group 2A metal
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alkaline earth metals
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a group 7A element
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halogens
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a group 8A element
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noble gases
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a two-element compound
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binary compounds
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a substance that produces hydrogen ions in a solution; a proton donor
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acid
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