Vocab Chap. 12

Front 1

psychopathology (12.01)

Back 1

Any pattern of emotions, behaviors, or thoughts inappropriate to the situation and leading to personal distress or the inability to achieve important goals.

Front 2

hallucinations (12.02)

Back 2

False sensory experiences that may suggest mental disorder.

Front 3

Delusions (12.03)

Back 3

Extreme disorders of thinking, involving persistent false beliefs.

Front 4

Affect (12.04)

Back 4

A term referring to emotion or mood.

Front 5

Medical model (12.05)

Back 5

The view that mental disorders are diseases that, like ordinary physical diseases, have objective physical causes and require specific treatments.

Front 6

Social-cognitive-behavioral approach (12.06)

Back 6

A psychological alternative to the medical model that views psychological disorder through a combination of the social, cognitive, and behavioral perspectives.

Front 7

DSM-IV (12.07)

Back 7

The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association; the classification system most widely accepted psychiatric in the United States.

Front 8

Neurosis (12.08)

Back 8

Before the DSM-IV, this term was used as a label for subjective distress or self-defeating behavior that did not show signs of brain abnormalities or grossly irrational thinking.

Front 9

Psychosis (12.09)

Back 9

A disorder involving profound disturbances in perception, rational thinking, or affect.

Front 10

Mood disorders (12.10)

Back 10

Abnormal disturbances in emotion or mood, including bipolar disorder and unipolar disorder. Also called affective disorders.

Front 11

Major depression (12.11)

Back 11

A form of depression that does not alternate with mania.

Front 12

Seasonal affective disorder (12.12)

Back 12

This DSM-IV course specifier for mood disorders is believed to be a form of depression caused by deprivation of sunlight.

Front 13

Bipolar disorder (12.13)

Back 13

A mental abnormality involving swings of mood form mania to depression.

Front 14

Anxiety disorders (12.14)

Back 14

Mental problems characterized mainly by anxiety. Include panic disorder, specific phobias, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Front 15

Generalized anxiety disorder (12.15)

Back 15

A psychological problem characterized by persistent and pervasive feelings of anxiety, without any external cause.

Front 16

Panic disorder (12.16)

Back 16

A disturbance marked by panic attacks that have no obvious connection with events in the person's present experience. Unlike generalized anxiety disorder, the victim is usually free of anxiety between panic attacks.

Front 17

Agoraphobia (12.17)

Back 17

A fear of public places and open spaces, commonly accompanying panic disorder.

Front 18

Phobias (12.18)

Back 18

A group of anxiety disorders involving a pathological fear of a specific object or situation.

Front 19

Preparedness hypothesis (12.19)

Back 19

The notion that we have an innate tendency, acquired through natural selection, to respond quickly and automatically to stimuli that posed a survival threat to our ancestors.

Front 20

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (12.20)

Back 20

A condition characterized by patterns of persistent, unwanted thoughts and behaviors.

Front 21

Somatoform disorders (12.21)

Back 21

Psychological problems appearing in the form of bodily symptoms or physical complaints, such as weakness or excessive worry about disease. Include conversion disorder and hypochondriasis.

Front 22

Conversion disorder (12.22)

Back 22

A type of somatoform disorder, marked by paralysis, weakness, or loss of sensation but with no discernible physical cause.

Front 23

Hypochondriasis (12.23)

Back 23

A somatoform disorder involving excessive concern about thealth and disease

Front 24

Dissociative disorders (12.24)

Back 24

A group of pathologies involving "fragmentation" of the personality, in which some parts of the personality have detached, or dissociated, from other parts.

Front 25

Dissociative amnesia (12.25)

Back 25

A psychologically induced loss of memory for personal information, such as one's identity or residence.

Front 26

Dissociative fugue (12.26)

Back 26

Essentially the same as dissociative amnesia, but with the addition of "flight" from one's home, family, and job.

Front 27

Depersonalization disorder (12.27)

Back 27

An abnormality involving the sensation that mind and body have separated, as in an "out-of-body" experience.

Front 28

Dissociative identity disorder (12.28)

Back 28

A condition in which an individual displays multiple identities, or personalities; formerly called "multiple personality disorder."

Front 29

Anorexia nervosa (12.28)

Back 29

An eating disorder that involves persistent loss of appetite that endangers and individual's health and stems from emotional or psychological reasons rather than from organic causes.

Front 30

Bulimia nervosa (12.30)

Back 30

An eating disorder characterized by eating binges followed by "purges" induced by vomiting or laxatives; typically initiated as a weight-control measure.

Front 31

Schizophrenia (12.31)

Back 31

A psychotic disorder involving distortions in thoughts, perceptions, and/or emotions.

Front 32

Diathesis-stress hypothesis (12.32)

Back 32

In reference to schizophrenia, the proposal that says that genetic factors place the individual at risk while environmental stress factors transform this potential into an actual schizophrenic disorder.

Front 33

Personality disorders (12.33)

Back 33

Conditions involving a chronic, pervasive, inflexible, and maladaptive pattern of thinking, emotion, social relationships, or impulse control.

Front 34

Narcissistic personality disorder (12.34)

Back 34

Characterized by a grandiose sense of self-importance, a preoccupation with fantasies of success or power, and a need for constant attention or admiration.

Front 35

Antisocial personality disorder (12.35)

Back 35

Characterized by a long-standing pattern of irresponsible behavior indicating a lack of conscience and a diminished sense of responsibility to others.

Front 36

Borderline personality disorder (12.36)

Back 36

An unstable personality given to impulsive behavior.

Front 37

Autism (12.37)

Back 37

A developmental disorder marked by disabilities in language, social interaction, and the ability to understand another person's state of mind.

Front 38

Dyslexia (12.38)

Back 38

A reading disability, thought by some experts to involve a brain disorder.

Front 39

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (12.39)

Back 39

A developmental disability involving short attention span, distractibility, and extreme difficulty in remaining inactive for any period.

Front 40

Insanity (12.40)

Back 40

A legal term, not a psychological or psychiatric one, referring to a person who is unable, because of a mental disorder or defect, to conform his or her behavior to the law.