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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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autosome |
pairs of matching homologous chromosomes |
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carrier |
an individual heterozygous for a specific trait |
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codominant allele |
pattern where phenotypes of both homozygous parents are produced in heterozygous offspring so that both alleles are equally expressed |
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fetus |
a developing mammal from nine weeks to birth |
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incomplete dominance |
inheritance pattern where the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between those of the two homozygotes; neither allele of the pair is dominant but combine and display a new trait |
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karyotype |
chart of metaphase chromosome pairs arranged according to length and location in the centromere; used to pinpoint unusual chromosome numbers in cells |
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multiple allele |
presence of more than two alleles for a gentic |
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pedigree |
graphic representation of genetic inheritance used by geneticists to map genetic traits |
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polygenic inheritance |
inheritance pattern of a trait controlled by two or more genes; genes may be on the same or different chromosomes. |
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sex chromosome |
in humans, the 23rd pair of chromosomes; determine the sex of an individual and carry sex-linked characteristics |
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sex-linked trait |
traits controlled by genes located on sex chromosomes |
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clone |
genetically identical copies of an organism or gene |
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gene therapy |
insertion of normal genes into human cells to correct genetic disorders |
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genetic engineering |
method of cutting DNA from one organism and inserting the DNA fragment into a host organism of the same or a different species |
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human genome |
map of the apprx. 80,000 genes on 46 human chromosomes that when mapped and sequenced, may provide information on the treatment or cure of genetic disorders |
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inbreeding |
mating between closely related individuals; ensures that offspring are homozygous for most traits, but also brings out harmful, recessive traits |
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linkage map |
genetic map that shows the location of genes on a chromosome |
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plasmid |
small ring of DNA found in bacterial cell that is used as a biological vector |
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recombinant DNA |
DNA made by recombining fragments of DNA from different sources |
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restriction enzyme |
DNA-cutting enzymes that can cut both strands of a DNA molecule at a specific nucleotide sequennce |
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testcross |
mating of an individual of unknown genotypes with an individual of known genotype can help determine the unknown genotype of the parent |
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transgenic organism |
organisms that contain functional recombinant DNA from a different organism |
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vector |
means by which DNA from another species can be carried into the host cell; may be biological or mechanical |
