Vmt Chapter 2

Front 1

Medial

Back 1

Medial is toward the midline, the inner leg.

Front 2

Lateral

Back 2

Is away from the midline, is the outer leg

Front 3

Cranial

Back 3

Means toward the head.

Front 4

Caudal

Back 4

Means towards the tail.

Front 5

Anterior

Back 5

Means front of the body.

Front 6

Posterior

Back 6

Means rear of the body.

Front 7

Dorsal

Back 7

Refers to the back.

Front 8

Ventral

Back 8

Refers to the belly or under side.

Front 9

Rostral

Back 9

Means nose end of the head.

Going forward on the head.

Hint 9

Rhymes with nostril.

Front 10

Cephalic

Back 10

Mean pertaining to the head.

Front 11

Superior

Back 11

Means uppermost, above, or toward the head. Used more commonly and bipeds.

Front 12

Inferior

Back 12

Means lowermost, below, or toward the tail. Use more commonly in bipeds.

Front 13

Proximal

Back 13

means nearest the midline or nearest to the beginning of a structure.

Front 14

Distal

Back 14

Means farthest from the midline or farthest from the beginning of a structure.

Hint 14

Distance

Front 15

Superficial

Back 15

Means near the surface; also called external

Front 16

Deep

Back 16

Means away from the surface, also called internal. Means beneath the surface.

Front 17

Palmar

Back 17

Means the caudal of the front paw.

Hint 17

Palm

Front 18

Plantar

Back 18

Means the caudal surface of the back paws.

Front 19

Midsagittal

Back 19

Divides the body into equal right and left halves. Running along the spine. Also called the median plane and midline.

Front 20

Sagittal plane

Back 20

Plane that divides the body into unequal right and left parts.

Front 21

Dorsal plane

Back 21

Plane that divides the body into dorsal (back) and ventral (belly) parts. This goes horizontally. It is also known as the frontal plane or coronal plane.

Front 22

Transverse plane

Back 22

Plane that divides the body into cranial and caudal parts also known as the cross-sectional plane. This plane goes perpendicular.

Front 23

The suffix -logy means

Back 23

The study of

Front 24

Anatomy

Back 24

Study of body structure.

Front 25

Physiology

Back 25

Study of body function

Front 26

Pathology

Back 26

Study and diagnosis of disease.

Path/o means disease

Front 27

Etiology

Back 27

Study of causes of disease, disease origination.

Eti/o means cause

Front 28

Dental arcade

Back 28

The term used to describe how the teeth are arranged in the mouth.

Front 29

Lingual Surface

Back 29

Is the aspect of the tooth that faces the tongue.

Front 30

Palatal surface

Back 30

Is the tooth surface of the maxilla that faces the tongue. Upper jaw

Front 31

Buccal surface

Back 31

Is the aspect of the tooth that faces the cheek.

Front 32

Occlusal surface

Back 32

aspect of the teeth that meet when you chew.

Front 33

Labial surface

Back 33

Tooth surface facing the lips.

Front 34

Mesial contact

Back 34

Is the one closest to the midline of the dental arcade or arch. Front

Front 35

Distal contact

Back 35

Is the one furthest from the midline of the dental arcade. Back

Hint 35

Think distance

Front 36

Body cavity

Back 36

Is a hole or hollow space in the body that contains and protects internal organs.

Front 37

Cranial cavity

Back 37

Is the hollow space that contains the brain in the skull.

Front 38

Spinal cavity

Back 38

Is the hollow space that contains the spinal cord within the spinal column.

Front 39

Thoracic cavity or chest cavity

Back 39

Is the hollow space that contains the heart and lungs within the ribs between the neck and diaphragm.

Front 40

Abdominal cavity

Back 40

Is the hollow space that contains the major organs of digestion located between the diaphragm and the pelvic cavity.

Front 41

The abdominal cavity may also be called?

Back 41

Peritoneal cavity

Front 42

Pelvic cavity

Back 42

Is the hollow space that contains the reproductive and some excretory systems' (urinary bladder and rectum) organ bounded by pelvic bones.

Front 43

Abdomen

Back 43

The portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis containing the abdominal cavity.

Front 44

Thorax

Back 44

The chest region located between the neck and the diaphragm.

Front 45

Groin

Back 45

Is the total region of the abdomen adjacent to the thigh, that is also known as the inguinal area.

Front 46

Membranes

Back 46

Are thin layers of tissue that cover a surface, line a cavity, or divide a space or an organ.

Front 47

Peritoneum

Back 47

Is the membrane lining of the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities and covers some organs in this area. May be further divided in reference to its location.

Front 48

Parietal peritoneum

Back 48

Is the outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the abdomen and pelvic cavities.

Front 49

Visceral peritoneum

Back 49

Is the inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the abdominal organs.

Front 50

Umbilicus

Back 50

Is the pit in the abdominal wall marking the point where the umbilical cord entered the fetus also called the navel.

Front 51

Mesentery

Back 51

Is a layer of peritoneum that to spend part of the intestine in the abdominal cavity.

Front 52

Retroperitoneal

Back 52

Mean superficial to the peritoneum.

Front 53

Adduction

Back 53

Means movement toward the midline.

Front 54

Abduction

Back 54

Means moment away from the midline.

Hint 54

Think child abduction.

Front 55

Recumbent

Back 55

Medical term for lying down.

Front 56

Dorsal recumbency

Back 56

Lying on the back

Front 57

Ventral recumbency

Back 57

Is lying on the belly also known as sternal recumbency

Front 58

Left lateral recumbency

Back 58

Is laying on the left side

Front 59

Right lateral recumbency

Back 59

Is laying on the right side

Front 60

Flexion

Back 60

Means closure of the joint angle, reduction of the angle between two bones.

Hint 60

Flexing your muscles

Front 61

Extension

Back 61

Mean straightening of a joint angle or an increase in angle between two bones.

Front 62

Cyt/o

Back 62

Means cell.

Front 63

Cytology

Back 63

Is the study of cells.

Front 64

Protoplasm

Back 64

Is the collective term for the cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus.

Front 65

Prot/o

Back 65

Means first

Front 66

Cell membrane aka plasma membrane

Back 66

Is the structure lining in the cells that protect the cells contents and regulate what goes in and out of the cell.

Front 67

Cytoplasm

Back 67

Is the gelatinous material located in the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus.

Front 68

Nucleus

Back 68

Is the structure in a cell that contains nucleoplasm, chromosomes, and the surrounding membrane.

Front 69

Chromosomes

Back 69

Are the structures in the nucleus composed of DNA that transmits genetic information.

Front 70

Plasm

Back 70

Means formative material of cells.

Front 71

Genetic

Back 71

Name something that pertains to genes or heredity.

Front 72

Genetic disorder

Back 72

Any disease or condition caused by defective genes also known as hereditary disorders.

Front 73

Congenital

Back 73

Denote something that is present at birth.

Front 74

Anomaly

Back 74

Is a deviation from what is regarded as normal.

Front 75

Tissue

Back 75

Is a group of specialized cells that join together to perform a certain function.

Front 76

Histology

Back 76

The study of tissues

Front 77

Hist/o

Back 77

Means tissue

Front 78

Name the four main tissue types

Back 78

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.

Front 79

Tissue can form....

Back 79

Normally or abnormally

Front 80

-plasia

Back 80

Describes formation, development, and growth of tissue and cell numbers.

Front 81

-trophy

Back 81

Describes formation, development, and increased size of tissue and cells.

Front 82

Prefixes are used to tell cell....?

Back 82

Growth

Front 83

A-

Back 83

Without

Front 84

Hypo-

Back 84

Means less than normal

Front 85

Hyper-

Back 85

Means more than normal

Front 86

Dys-

Back 86

Means bad

Front 87

Ana-

Back 87

Means without

Front 88

Neo-

Back 88

Means new

Front 89

Epithelial tissue or epithelium

Back 89

Covers internal and external body surfaces and is made up of tightly packed cells and a variety of arrangements.

Front 90

Endothelium

Back 90

Is the cellular covering that forms the lining of the internal organs, including the blood vessels.

Front 91

Connective tissue

Back 91

Connective tissue add support and structure to the body by holding the organs and place and binding body parts together. Examples, bone, cartilage, dense connective tissue found in tendons and ligaments, loose connective tissue and blood.

Front 92

Adipose

Back 92

Another form of connective tissue also known as fat.

Front 93

Adip/o

Back 93

Combining form for fat.

Front 94

Muscle tissue

Back 94

Tissue type that contains cell material with specialized ability to contract and relax.

Front 95

Three muscle types in animals

Back 95

Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.

Front 96

Nervous tissue

Back 96

Contains cells with the specialized ability to react to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses.

Front 97

Anaplasia

Back 97

Is the change in the structure of the cell and their orientation to each other.

Front 98

Aplasia

Back 98

Is a lack of development of an organ or tissue or a cell.

Front 99

Dysplasia

Back 99

Is abnormal growth or development of an organ or tissue or a cell.

Front 100

Hyperplasia

Back 100

Is an abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in normal arrangement in an organ or tissue.

Front 101

Neoplasia

Back 101

Is any abnormal new growth of tissue in which multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, more rapid than normal and progressive. Neoplasms usually form a distinctive mass of tissue called a tumor.

Front 102

Tumors may be

Back 102

Benign or malignant

Front 103

Benign

Back 103

Meaning not recurring

Front 104

Malignant

Back 104

Meaning tending to spread and be life threatening.

Front 105

Tumor

Back 105

A distinct mass of tissue formed from a neoplasm.

Front 106

-oma

Back 106

means tumor or neoplasm

Front 107

Atrophy

Back 107

Is decrease in size or complete wasting of an organ or tissue or cell

Front 108

Dystrophy

Back 108

Is defective growth in the size of an organ or tissue or cell.

Front 109

Hypertrophy

Back 109

Is an increase in the size of an organ or tissue or cell.

Front 110

Glands

Back 110

Are groups of specialized cells that secrete material used elsewhere in the body.

Front 111

Aden/o

Back 111

Is the combining form for gland.

Front 112

The two categories glands are divided into

Back 112

Exocrine glands and endocrine glands

Front 113

Exocrine glands

Back 113

Are glands that secrete material into ducts that lead out of the body to another organ.

Front 114

Endocrine glands

Back 114

Are glands that secrete chemicals into the bloodstream for transportation to organs and other structures throughout the body.

Front 115

Exo-

Back 115

Means out

Front 116

-crine

Back 116

Means secrete

Front 117

Endo-

Back 117

Means within

Front 118

Organ

Back 118

Is a part of the body that performs a special function or functions.

Front 119

Each organ has its own...

Back 119

Combining forms

Front 120

If an organ has more than one combining form

Back 120

The Latin form is used to describe or modify something.

Front 121

Ren/o

Back 121

Means kidney and is in used in terms of renal disease and renal tubule.

Front 122

Nephr/o (Greek)

Back 122

Needs kidney and is used in the term nephritis and nephropathy.

Front 123

Oste/o

Back 123

Bones

Front 124

Arthr/o

Back 124

Joints

Front 125

Chrondr/o

Back 125

Cartilage

Front 126

My/o

Back 126

Muscles

Front 127

Fadc/I or fasci/o

Back 127

Fascia

Front 128

Ten/o, tend/o or tendin/o

Back 128

Tendons

Front 129

Hem/o or hemat/o

Back 129

Blood

Front 130

Lymph/o

Back 130

Lymph vessels, fluid, and nodes

Front 131

Tonsill/o

Back 131

Tonsils

Front 132

Splen/o

Back 132

Spleen

Front 133

Thym/o

Back 133

Thymus

Front 134

Nas/o or rhin/o

Back 134

Nose or nares

Front 135

Pharyng/o

Back 135

Pharynx

Front 136

Trache/o

Back 136

Trachea

Front 137

Laryng/o

Back 137

Larynx

Front 138

Pneum/o, pneumono/o, pulm/o, pulmon/o

Back 138

Lungs

Front 139

Or/o or stomat/o

Back 139

Mouth

Front 140

Esophag/o

Back 140

Esophagus

Front 141

Gastr/o

Back 141

Stomach