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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How does the risk for mammary neoplasia change in reference to the number of estrus cycles before OHE
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1st - 0.5 %
2nd - 8% 3rd - 26% of female dogs will develop |
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What happens to the risk of urinary incontinence, pyometra, and obesity in spayed
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Increased risk of urinary incontinence and obesity, decreased risk of pyometra if spayed
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What is a risk of early spay
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Infantile vulva, delayed growth plate closure
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Which muscles lie above/below the rectus abdominus in the cranial abdomen
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EAO, IAO - above
Transversalis - below |
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Which muscles lie above/below the rectus abdominus in the caudal abdomen
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EAO, IAO, Transversalis - above
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If the right ovarian pedicle is dropped how do you find it
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Lift up the descending duodenum and look below the kidney
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If the left ovarian pedicle is dropped how do you find it
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Lift up the descending colon and look below the kidney
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How do you find the uterine stump to determine if a female is previously spayed
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Lift up the bladder
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What are the four main vessels associated with the female reproductive tract
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Ovarian a,v
Uterine a,v |
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What structure spans the space between the uterus and ovaries, what is found in the free edge of this structure
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Broad ligament, round ligament
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What ligament attaches the ovary to the abdominal wall just below the kidney
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The suspensory ligament
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What ligament attaches the ovary to the uterine horn
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the proper ligament
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Why should ligatures on the uterus be kept close together
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to avoid stump pyometra
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What is primary inertia, what are some predisposing factors
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>68 days post breeding, lochia present, no contractions
Breed predisposition, large litter (uterine stretching), small litter (lack of uterine stimulation), systemic disease (hypocalcemia, obesity) |
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What is secondary inertia
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Large litter - uterine muscles are exhausted
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What drug has no effect on inertia, what reflex is lacking
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Oxytocin, Ferguson reflex (straining in response to digital vaginal pressure)
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What are some indications for C-section
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Inertias, Fetal oversize (#1 cause), pelvic abnormalities (fractures), fetal malpresentation
strong frequent straining, failure to produce pup within 30 min weak straining with no pup in 2 hrs |
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Where is the incision made for a caesarian section
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Abdominal incision in middle 3rd, stay on midline to avoid mammary tissue/vessels
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when performing a C-section, what steps are performed once body cavity is open
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Exteriorize, pack off, incise on ventral or dorsal midline of uterine body
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What is the procedure for pup removal by surgeon
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Each fetus is milked from incision
amniotic sac is ruptured clamp/cut umbilicus hand off |
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What is the procedure after pup removal by the assistant
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clear airways
dry off give CNS stimulant (Dopram) Naloxone prn Ligate and dip umbilicus |
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What should be done instead of 'slinging'
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suctioning of airways
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what equipment drugs, personnel would you want to have with you when performing a c-section
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Sterile gauze sponges, water-circulating heater, blankets, box for pups, extra O2 delivery system
Naloxone, dip for umbilicus have at least 2 assistants to clear airways, dry pups, give naloxone, ligate and dip umbilicus, sling and PE for congenital defects |
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6 yr intact female, German Shorthair Pointer, lump in right 5th mammary gland
what will you tell the owner regarding workup The mass is a carcinoma, what is recommended therapy and prognosis |
Need to look for mets - chest rads, +/- abd and inguinal US, aspirate any enlarged LN, CBC, chem panel, UA; 35-50 % are malignant. <3 cm lump 35% recur withing 2 years, >3cm lump 80% recur withing 2 years
Surgical removal of all affected tissues, OHE at time of removal (done first), chemo. Prognosis depends on size of mass and staging |
