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39 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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DDX for Painful neuro patients
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Timid Salsa
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Thromboembolism (Aortic) - cats
Infections Meningomyelitis IVDD Dermoid sinus (ridgebacks) Syringohydromyelia Atlanto-axial subluxation Lumbosacral stenosis Spinal tumors A, Hypervitaminosis (cats) |
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DDX for non-painful neuro patients
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MES
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Myelopathy (GSD)
Embolism, fibrocartilaginous (large breeds, schnauzers, shelties) Spondylosis deformans |
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DDX for general neuro conditions
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MT SEED
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Meningomyelitis
Trauma Spondylosis deformans Extoses (multiple cartilagenous) Embolism Discospondylitis |
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DDX for Lesions cranial to T2/Cervical
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I WASH
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IVDD (C2-3)
Wobbler's (C5/6 or C6/7) Atlanto-axial sublux Syringohydromyelia (scratching at neck) Hypervitaminosis A |
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DDX for Lesions caudal to T2
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SODDIMS
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Spina bifida
Orthopedic Degen myelopathy Degen LS stenosis IVDD (T11/12-L3/4) Myelodysplasia (Weimers) |
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DDX for Cats
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LASS
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Lymphoma (FeLV)
A, Hypervitaminosis Spina bifida (Manx) Sacrocaudal dysgenesis (Manx) |
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DDX for Cranioventroflexion in Cats
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KAM
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Kalemia (hypo)
A, Hypervitaminosis Myasthenia gravis |
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Tell me about Nissl bodies
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Nissl Bodies – rough ER that makes proteins for neuron, found in soma of neuron; neuron health can be determined by how well it’s producing nissl bodies
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Name the glial cells
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A COME
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Astrocytes
Choroid plexus epithelial cells Oligodendrocytes Microglial cells Ependymal cells |
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Tell me about Astrocytes
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• Astrocytes – star cells that are the CNS equivalent of fibroblast, (wall things off like hemorrhage) support cells, make up BBB, can get astrocytoma
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Tell me about oligodendrocytes
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make myelin in central CNS (equivalent of the Schwann cells of peripheral CNS); satellite subtype involved in death of cells
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Tell me about microglial cells
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They're macrophage cousins. Only their nuclei are visible. They're also called dishrag cells
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Tell me about ependymal cells
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move CSF in ventricles
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Tell me about choroid plexus cells
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modified ependymal cells that produce CSF
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Name the neuronal responses to injury
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1. Acute necrosis (usually leads to death, most common type of damage)
2. Chromatolysis (Nissl breaks down, d/t Grass sickness in midwest) 3. Wallerian degeneration (axon damage from ruptured disc) – she asked about this one last year a. Repair more likely in axons w/in PNS – can grow at 1mm/day 4. Distal axonopathy (swelling) 5. Neuronal vauolation (vacuole in cytoplasm of neuron, Ie. Lysosomal storage disease, TSE) |
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Name the CNS responses to injury
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edema
demyelination Malacia |
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What are the two types of CNS edema and what are their differences?
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Vasogenic
follows vascular injury BBB integrity is lost EXTRACELLULAR Inflammation related |
Cytotoxic
Sodium pump failure - Na and water build up in cell INTRACELLULAR Hypoxia, ammonia related |
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What's the difference in primary and secondary demyelination?
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Primary - selective destruction of normal myelin
Secondary - loss of myelin following axonal damage |
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Tell me about distemper
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earliest lesions at 8-9 days post-infection
Neuronal necrosis By week 3, demyelination of white matter leaving intranuclear viral inclusions Kills oligodendrocytes |
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The inclusion bodies left by rabies are called what?
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Negri bodies
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Yellow star thistle poisoning causes a pathognomonic lesion. What is it?
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bilaterally symmetric necrotic infarct
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Tell me about Listeriosis
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Ascends through trigeminal nerve
Causes microabscesses Likes the brainstem. |
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Tell me about leptomeningitis
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Fatal
Grossly swollen brain +/- hyperemic vessels Usually bacterial |
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What is the difference between coup and counter coup?
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Coup is direct smacking of the brain. Countercoup is the stretching of vessels, nerves, etc.
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Give me a rundown on CSF flow pathways
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Lateral ventricles 3rd ventricle 4th ventricle lateral apertures at the cerebellomedullary angle subarachnoid space flows over cerebral hemispheres resorbed by arachnoid into a sinus between the two cerebral hemispheres
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Equine Grass sickness is an example of what type of neuronal response to injury?
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Chromatolysis
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The vertebral divisions for Neuro are
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Thoracic UMN - C1-C5 (flexor)
Thoracic LMN - C6-T2 (no flexor) Pelvic UMN - T3-L3 (extensor) Pelvic LMN - L4-S3 Patellar reflex - L4-L6 Flexor reflex - L6-S2 Pudendal reflex - S1-S3 Trunci C8-T1 |
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The vertebral divisions for Neuro are
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Thoracic UMN - C1-C5 (flexor)
Thoracic LMN - C6-T2 (no flexor) Pelvic UMN - T3-L3 (extensor) Pelvic LMN - L4-S3 Patellar reflex - L4-L6 Flexor reflex - L6-S2 Pudendal reflex - S1-S3 |
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The grand DDX list for neurology is:
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VITAMIN D
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Vascular
Infectious/Inflammatory Toxic/traumatic Anomalous Metabolic Idiopathic Nutritional Degenerative |
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What's the deal with Hansen?
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Type I - cartilage degeneration
calcification chondrodystrophic breeds 3-6yo predisposes to acute extrusion |
Type II - Fibrous degeneration
>6yo larger breeds predisposes to chronic protrusions |
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Spondylosis deformans? How bad is it?
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Incidental, and not to be confused with diskospondylitis.
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German shepherd myelopathy?
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MRI is normal.
non-painful. Ataxia>paresis |
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Myelodysplasia?
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Bunny hopping Weimers. no problems.
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MCE?
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proliferative lesions of epiphysis. Focal.
Asymmetric. |
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Focal pain? Test for what?
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Blood culture
Urine culture Brucella test Probably an infection, and probably Staph. pseudintermedius. |
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Meningitis usually due to?
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Staphlococcus
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Fibrocartilagenous Embolism
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ischemic necrosis of SC from fibrocatilage occlusion.
Usually large breeds Non-painful. |
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Spondylosis deformans?
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incidental. Bone spurs.
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Painful neuro dzs
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I'D WASH D BASS
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IVDD
Degenerative LS stenosis Wobblers AA Sublux Syringomyelia/hydromyelia Hypervitaminosis A (Cats) Discospondylitis /Spondylitis Bacterial Meningitis Aortic Thromboembolism Spinal tumors Steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis |
